Sialic acid receptor for

Gal/GalNAc or Man/GlcNAc, there are also receptors (e.g., the macrophage sialic acid receptor) for the recognition of sialylated complex glycans.10... 

Compounds derived from a cyclopentane or pyrrolidine skeleton have recently been attracting close attention as next-generation neuraminidase inhibitors [121,122,123,124,125], and active efforts have been made for screening of such compounds (O Scheme 18). Attempts have also been made to prevent virus infection by removing the tracheal sialic acid receptors (the starting point of viral infection) through direct inhalation of sialidase [126]. 

H1-H16) and 9 different neuraminidases (N1-N9). Except for the Thogotovirus genus, all orthomyxoviruses bind to sialic acid receptors. The receptor of an influenza A virus of subtype H17N10 isolated recently from bats [13] is not known. 

Fetuin (a bovine embryonic glycoprotein especially rich in terminal sialic acid) to check for the specifity of sialic acid receptor reactions of LFA and MAA lectins. 

Influenza vims A has two surface glycoproteins that offer potential for the development of competitive multivalent sugar clusters featuring 5-A -acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) units [35]. Haemagglutinin (HA) binds to sialic acid receptors and fuses the cell membranes of the vims and host and neuraminidase (NA), an enzyme, cleaves sialic acid residues and is involved in release of new vims by the host cell. Whilst small molecule inhibitors of NA, such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamavir (Relenza), are now available, no therapy based on inhibition of binding of HA has reached the clinic. 

Matrosovich M, Klenk H-D (2003) Natural and synthetic sialic acid-containing inhibitors of influenza virus receptor binding. Rev Med Virol 13 85-97 Matrosovich MN, Matrosovich TY, Gray T, Roberts NA, Klenk H-D (2004) Neuraminidase is important for the initiation of influenza virus infection in human airway epithelium. J Virol 78 12665-12667... 

A. Bemardi, L. Carrettoni, A. Grosso Ciponte, D. Montib, and S. Sonnino, Second generation mimics of ganglioside GM1 as artificial receptors for Cholera Toxin Replacement of the sialic acid moiety, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 10 (2000) 2197-2200. 

Influenza virus particles are spheroidal and approximately 100 nm in diameter. The outer-membrane envelope contains 500 copies of hemagglutinin (HA) trimers and 100 copies of neuraminidase tetramers. The hemagglutinin constitutes the receptor sites for a-sialoside ligands. X-ray analyses show that the three sialic acid binding pockets reside 46 A apart, each trimer being separated on the virion surface by about 65-110 A [42],... 

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