Shrimp Palaemonetes pugio

Fig. 15-11 Effects of strong complexation on metal ion toxicity, (a) Increasing concentration of NTA, a strong multi-dentate complexing agent, decreases the toxicity of Cd to grass shrimp. All systems have equal concentrations of total Cd. (b) When the results are replotted showing survival as a function of Cd concentration, the data for all concentrations of NTA collapse to a single curve. (Reprinted with permission from W. G. Sunda et al. (1978). Effect of chemical speciation on toxicity of cadmium to grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio importance of free cadmium ions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 12,409-413, American Chemical Society.)...

Grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, whole, Virginia ... 

Clark, J.R., J.M. Patrick, Jr., J.C. Moore, and E.M. Lores. 1987. Waterborne and sediment-source toxicities of six organic chemicals to grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and amphioxus (Branchiostoma carib-aeum). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16 401-407. 

Khan, A.T., J.S. Weis, and L. D Andrea. 1989. Bioaccumulation of four heavy metals in two populations of grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 42 339-343. 

Wilson, J.E.H. and J.D. Costlow. 1987. Acute toxicity of diflubenzuron (DFB) to various life stages of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. Water Air Soil Pollut. 33 411-417. 

McKenney, C.L., Jr. D.E. Weber, D.M. Celestial, and M.A. MacGregor. 1998. Altered growth and metabolism of an estuarine shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) during and after metamorphosis onto fenvalerate-laden sediment. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 35 464-471. 

Fox, F.R. and K.R. Rao. 1982. Accumulation, tissue distribution, and depuration of benzol a Ipyrcnc and benz(a)anthracene in the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. Pages 336-349 in N.L. Richards and B.L. Jackson (eds.). Symposium Carcinogenic Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment. U.S. Environ. Protection Agency Rep. 600/9-82-013. 

Tyler-Schroeder DB. 1979. Use of the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) in a life-cycle toxicity test. In Marking LL and RA Kimerle, eds. Aquatic Toxicology, ASTM STP 667. American Society for Testing and Materials, 159-170. 

LC50 (24-h) for Palaemonetes pugio larvae 25.8 mg/g, adults 17.2 mg/L (Potera, 1975), Daplmia magna 310 mg/L (LeBlanc, 1980), grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio) larvae and adults were 25.8 and 17.2 mg/L, respectively (Environment Canada, 1982), Cyprinodon variegatus 280 to 480 ppm (Heitmuller et al., 1981). 

Conklin, P.J. and Rao, K.R. Toxicity of sodium pentachlorophenate (Na-PCP) to the grass shrimp. Palaemonetes pugio, at different stages of the molt cycle, 5u77. E/ndro/ . Contam. Toxicol, 20(2) 275-279,1978. 

Rayburn. J.R. and Fisher, W.S. Development toxicity of three carrier solvents using embryos of the grass shrimp. Palaemonetes pugio. Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol, 33(2) 217-221, 1997. 

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