Shoulder elevation-depression

Shoulder girdle Raise shoulders Lower shoulders Draw forward Draw backward Elevation Depression Protraction Retraction ... 

The primary sources of control for body-powered devices are biomechanical in nature. Movement, or force, from a body joint or multiple joints is used to change position, or develop a force/ pressure that can be transduced by a harness and Bowden cable and/or mechanical switches. Typically, inputs such as chin and head force/movement, glenohumeral flexion/extension or abduction/ adduction, biscapular and scapular abduction, shoulder elevation and depression, chest expansion, and elbow or wrist movements are used. However, direct force/motion from muscle(s) has also been used by way of surgical procedures such as muscle tunnel cinepiasty (Sauerbruch, 1916) and the Krukenberg cinepiasty (Krukenberg, 1917). 

Rim base. 1. (Onltuaice,) A short eyliinU r at the junction of w i nmnion with the "un. It is an enlargement or. shoulder to the trunnion which forms the journal to the idece in elevating or depressing. S e Canno.x. 

The power for active hand and arm prostheses can come form the body (Body-powered Prosthesis), or from external sources (Externally-powered prosthesis) [90-97]. Gross body movement controls a body-powered prosthesis. The movement of the shoulder, upper arm, or chest is captured by a harness system, which is attached to a cable that is connected to a terminal device (hook or hand). For some levels of amputation or deficiency, an elbow system can be added to provide the amputee additional function. An amputee must possess at least one or more of the foUowing gross body movements glenohumeral flexion, scapular abduction or adduction, shoulder depression and elevation, and chest expansion in order to control body-powered prosthesis. In addition, sufficient residual limb length and sufficient musculature must exist. 

For the upper arm, normal ranges of motion (Fig. 32.2, center) are 90 degrees of medial (inward, toward the midline) humeral rotation and 40 degrees of lateral (outward away from the midline) humeral rotation, 180 degrees of flexion (forward rotation of the arm about the shoulder) and 45 degrees of extension (backward rotation of the upper arm about the shoulder), and 180 degrees of elevation (abduction, outward rotation about the shoulder) and 20 degrees of depression (adduction, inward rotation of the upper arm about the shoulder). 

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