Shorted Additional Coil

The experimenter should construct the circuit of Fig. 10,5 on the next page. At first, the wires shown as dashed lines are not connected. The experiment is done as on page 7 of the first chapter, where the switch is opened suddenly, and there is a bright flash in the neon bulb. Then the short circuiting clip lead (dashed line in the diagram) is attached to the transformer s 120 volt coil (heavily insulated black wires or soldered-on power cord). Now when the switch is opened, there is no neon flash. What is happening is that current is induced in the shorted coil, as the battery current suddenly decreases. This new current has a magnetic field 

If there is an extreme case such as a short circuit in the output, as we intentionally produced here in order to make the effects easy to observe, then there will also be a short circuit at the input. This could burn out either side. 

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This behavior is probably caused by a rising influence of the chain ends. Below a critical molar mass, the number of polymer segments is too low to form a flexible coil. In addition to this, short polymer chains have no excluded volume and the influence of the solvation envelope on the coil expansion disappears. In addition, coil substructures like helical parts have an effect on the overall coil structure above a critical number of polymer segments. 

Product Distribution. In addition to ethylene, many by-products are also formed. Typical product distributions for various feeds from a typical short residence time furnace are shown in Table 5. The product distribution is strongly influenced by residence time, hydrocarbon partial pressure, steam-to-od ratio, and coil outlet pressure. 

For the batch pickling of rod, sheet, tube or strip in coil form, short pickling times are not so important, and pickling times of several minutes at 60-80°C in 5-10% w/w acid are common. The acidity is maintained by the addition of fresh strong acid, until the pickle is nearly saturated with ferrous sulphate, and then the acidity is worked down to 1 or 2%. 

The most difficult materials to study by NMR microscopy are those with short T2 or T2 relaxation times and/or with low concentrations of the nudear spins, which normally result in poor NMR signal intensities. One possibility for improving the image quality is to adapt the shape and size of the rf coils to the size of the objects in order to achieve the best possible filling factor and therefore the best sensitivity [1]. In addition, methods with short echo or detection times have been developed, such... 

If the backbone as well as the side chains consist of flexible units, the molecular conformation arises out of the competition of the entropic elasticity of the confined side chains and the backbone [ 153 -155]. In this case, coiling of the side chains can occur only at the expense of the stretching of the backbone. In addition to the excluded volume effects, short range enthalpic interactions may become important. This is particularly the case for densely substituted monoden-dron jacketed polymers, where the molecular conformation can be controlled by the optimum assembly of the dendrons [22-26,156]. If the brush contains io-nizable groups, the conformation and flexibility may be additionally affected by Coulomb forces depending on the ionic strength of the solvent [79,80]. 

The transformer primary side is powered by the battery and turns off at the same time as the HEI coil. The primary carries 5 to 10 amps, conveyed to the secondary side by its collapsing EM field. At the same time, a HV spike is emitted by the HEI coil, from the collapsing voltage in its primary. Because the transformer secondary is shorted by the HV wire, it doesn t interfere with the primary side induced current. The HV and transformer current are therefore additive, creating a much hotter spark. R = 1 M ohm. 

Independently, Ruan etal. (1990) demonstrated that unnatural metal-ligating residues may likewise be utilized toward the stabilization of short a helices by transition metal ions (including Zn " ")—these investigators reported that an 11-mer is converted from the random coil conformation to about 80% a helix by the addition of Cd at 4°C. These results suggest that the engineering of zinc-binding sites in small peptides or large proteins may be a powerful approach toward the stabilization of protein secondary structure. 

Despite the technical problems in the latter film study, we conclude that there is no intramolecular excimer formation in the compounds of Richards et al.143, and probably little intermolecular excimer formation in the pure films. The absence of an effect of solvent power 25) on the possible excimer fluorescence of the R = CH3 polymer may not be significant, since little change in the coil dimensions would be expected for the short ( 300 backbone atoms) polymers 143> which were studied. Additional work is needed on the fluorescence of such polymers having higher molecular weights, different aryl substituents (R = 2-naphthyl, for example), and fewer adventitious impurities. 

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