Short circuit current, Isc

Concerning the photovoltaic devices, when subjected to solar emission at AM 1.5, the short-circuit current (Isc) signals were 480,530, and 600 pA for Morus nigra, Morus nigra plus P-carotene and Mix, respectively. This means that the best performances were observed in the case of the blend of all organic derivatives used. 

Figure 13 Dependence on 10-MeV-proton and 1-MeV-electron fluence of the remaining factor of short circuit current (Isc) for Si-BSFR solar cells. Circles and squares represent the results for samples irradiated with 10-MeV protons and 1-MeV electrons, respectively. Broken lines represent the fitting results based on a model mentioned in the text.

Ferroelectric substances such as LiNb03 or BaTi03 were found to show anomalous photovoltaic effects (APV) of the order of 103-5 V83). A thin film of a ferroelectric polymer such as PVDF also was found to show APV effects84). Voc of 2.5 x 104 V and short circuit current (Isc) of the order of nA/cm2 were reported. Although the output is very small up to now1, it could be noticed as a specific photoeffect of a thin polymer film. 

Fig. 5.51. Short-circuit current (Isc) vs. irradiance level of solar simulator (Steuer-nagel Solar Constant 575), at various cell temperatures, for a typical cell sample...

To monitor CFTR activity in HBE cultures, Ussing chamber recording techniques are used (Fig. 7). Like the nasal potential difference recording technique used in vivo, the Ussing chamber technique is an extracellular recording of the membrane potential or short circuit current (Isc) due to ion flux through channels and transporters. To isolate CFTR activity, a basolateral to apical Cl" gradient is established and amiloride is added to block the ep-... 

The parameters relevant to intrinsic safety, no-load voltage and short-circuit current of the stand-alone circuits are Uw and Iscl = Uv, /Ri or U2Q and Isc2 = U2o/R2, respectively. In series connection, itv may exceed the voltage limitation of, e.g., a capacitive circuit. The short-circuit current Isc can be divided into ... 

The photosensitivity further increased upon application of a reverse bias (see Fig. 43, right), suggesting an application as photodetector as well. A sub-linear relationship (Jsc between the short circuit current Isc and the... 

Fig. 6. Effects of amiloride (AML, 100 lM), bumetanide (BMT, 100 JtM), diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC, 100 lM), and substitution of Cl in the medium with gluconate (Cl-free) on the decrease in short-circuit current (Isc) induced by erythromycin (EM, 100 XM) in canine cultured tracheal epithelium. Responses are expressed as means SE n = 9 for each group. p< 0.001, significantly different from the response to EM alone. (Reprinted from Tamaoki etal. [12] with permission from European Respiratory Society Journals, Ltd.)...

Fig. 27e. Figure 27f shows the quasi- photovoltaic effect (i.e., the linear increase in the photocurrent with the applied bias) measured in the P3HT/MWCNT hybrid single NT. In the experiments, the short circuit current (Isc) was measured to be - 0.67 nA, and the open circuit voltage (Foe) was measured to be 2.44 mV. The power conversion efficiency (tj) of the P3HT/MWCNT hybrid single NT was estimated to be 0.42%. 

The first application of discotic liquid crystal to organic thin film solar cells is of a binary blend of liquid crystalline phthalocyanine (Pc) as p-type of semiconductor and non- mesogenic PTCDI derivative as n-type [45], where the active layer was not a BHJ type, but had a p-i-n junction (Fig. 8.11). The Pc layer was fabricated by spin-coating and heated up to the isotropic phase followed by cooling to obtain a spontaneously formed homeotoropic alignment on ITO-coated substrate. The n-type layer was deposited by sublimation on Pc layer and finally the counter A1 electrode was deposited in vacuo. The performance was shown simply as short circuit current, Isc = 0.4 mA cm , open circuit voltage, Vqc = 0.3 V and external quantum efficiency, EQE 0.5 %. 

Note Isc = maximum short-circuit current at PCC IL = maximum fundamental frequency demand load current at PCC (average current of the maximum demand for the preceding 12 months) h = individual harmonic order THD = total harmonic distortion, based on the maximum demand load current. The table applies to odd harmonics even harmonics are limited to 25% of the odd harmonic limits shown above. 

In the previous section on the short-circuit current, it was demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that Isc in conjugated polymer-fullerene solar cells is controlled to a considerable extent by mobility of the majority charge carriers in the cell s active layer [158]. Moreover, activated behavior of charge carrier mobility in conjugated polymers is known to result in higher mobility at higher temperatures (for a review, see [159]). Accordingly,... 

Left side unstabilized power source with resistance R = UNL/ISC, no-load voltage l/NL, short-circuit current /sc. 

Voc - Open Circuit Voltage Isc - Short Circuit Current FF - Fill Factor... 

Note Erythromycin (100 pM) was added to the mucosal (M) or submucosal solution (S) in an Ussing chamber. Values are means SE n = 12. Isc, short-circuit current PD, potential difference G, conductance. 

The external quantiun yield or I PC E (incident photon to current efficiency) is defined as the quotient of the number of incident photons and the number of charge carriers output to the external circuit. It is smaller than the internal quantum yield for conversion of the absorbed photons into charge carriers within the cell, because it takes into account losses due to reflection, recombination, and scattering. In contrast to the internal quantum yield, which can attain values of nearly 100% (see above), the value of the external quantum yield can be measured directly from the short-circuit current density jsc. with jsc = Isc/A where A is the active area of the cell, and the incident light intensity is lo- At a given wavelength k, we have... 

An electronically stabilized power source may show an idealized voltage-current diagram according to the right side curve. The output voltage remains constant U = U l at all load conditions I < Isc, and in the short-circuit-condition I = Isc, U drops down to zero. At point A, the output power is P UNL Isc, four times the maximum output power of a linear circuit at identical values for UNL and Isc. 

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