Shock notices

The concentration of inorganic and organic chloramines in pool water is controlled by superchlorination or shock treatment. Because chloramines are decomposed by sunlight, their effects are more noticeable in indoor pools or spas. Nitrogen trichloride, the primary volatile chloramine, is a strong irritant similar to chlorine. Its effect is noticeable at >0.5 mg/m (>0.1 ppm) (73). The concentration of NCl depends on the extent of ventilation and typically varies from 0.2 to 0.5 mg /m (0.04 to 0.1 ppm) (74). 

Another theory of liquid-liquid explosion comes from Board et al. (1975). They noticed that when an initial disturbance, for example, at the vapor-liquid interface, causes a shock wave, some of the liquid is atomized, thus enhancing rapid heat transfer to the droplets. This action produces further expansion and atomization. When the droplets are heated to a temperature equal to the superheat temperature limit, rapid evaporation (flashing liquid) may cause an explosion. In fact, this theory resembles the theory of Reid (1979), except that only droplets, and not bulk liquid, have to be at the superheat temperature limit of atmospheric pressure (McDevitt et al. 1987). 

In practice, vapor release will not be spherical, as is assumed in the method. A release from a cylinder burst may produce overpressures along the vessel s axis, which are 50% lower than pressures along a line normal to its axis. If a vessel ruptures from ductile, rather than brittle, fracture, a highly directional shock wave is produced. Overpressure in the other direction may be one-fourth as great. The influences of release direction are not noticeable at great distances. Uncertainties for a BLEVE ate even higher because of the fact that its overpressure is limited by initial peak-shock overpressure is not taken into account. 

I was deeply shocked. Eventually, I came to believe that President Truman didn t really know which dog was under. If to him the remaining 1,000,000 European Jews seemed suddenly recovered, might not "judicial notice" conclude that the 6,000,000 had never really been murdered ... 

For a detonation, the reaction front moves faster than the speed of sound, pushing the pressure wave or shock front immediately ahead of it. For a deflagration, the reaction front moves at a speed less than the speed of sound, resulting in a pressure wave that moves at the speed of sound, moving away from the reaction front. A noticeable difference is found in the resulting pressure-time or pressure-distance plots. 

A drop in pressure was noticed in the control room and also at a pipeline pumping station. An 8-inch (20-cm) pipe between a sphere and a series of horizontal bullets had ruptured. Unfortunately, the operators could not identify the cause of the pressure drop. The release of LPG continued for —5-10 minutes when the gas cloud, estimated at 656 ft x 492 ft x 6.6 ft (200 m x 150 m x 2 m) high, drifted to a flare stack. It ignited, causing violent ground shock. 

Once Rachel was hospitalized the doctors put her on Prozac. The trial of Prozac was short, however, because it made her so sick to her stomach. The replacement, Well-butrin, was even worse it threw her into anaphylactic shock. Shortly after taking the medication she noticed hives on her body. A nurse dismissed the symptom, insisting that it could not be caused by the medication. But Rachel woke up the next morning covered with hives, and she was not breathing well. Fortunately, shots of adrenaline and epinephrine solved the problem. 

Crussard [4] points out that for the mixture 2CO + 02, in which the measured detonation velocity is variable and close to 1210 m/sec, in a shock wave propagating with a velocity of 1210 m/sec the compression temperature is 720°C, so that at this temperature a noticeable delay in auto-ignition is still possible. In 1924-1925 Wendlandt [10], a student of Nemst, energetically defended the view that the gas is ignited by a shock wave with a velocity equal to that of the detonation wave. Wendlandt studied in detail the concentration limits of detonation propagation in explosive mixtures and... 

Piezoelectric detectors are one of the most promising solutions to this problem. They can be installed at various locations on the aircraft body where they can constantly monitor the integrity of the materials of which the body is made. If cracks begin to develop at any location on the body, they can be detected because they result in the formation of small-scale shock waves as air passes over the aircraft body. These shock waves cause minute distortions of the aircraft s surface. While these distortions are too small to he noticed by most ordinary procedures, they are large enough to create electrical signals in nearby piezoelectric devices that can he picked up and analyzed by processing units attached to them. 

Paintings begin to change from the day they are completed and while this may not be noticeable during the lifetime of the painter and the patron, they would certainly be shocked if they could see the ultimate ravages of time. Colours fade or darken under the influence of heat, light, dirt, and atmospheric gases, varnishes turn dark brown, and cracks may cover the picture from end to end. These cracks are... 

However, if we look at Equation 11 more carefully, we notice that its right-hand side becomes discontinuous at the points where yg (u) =1. If such a point is between u + and ut, continuous solutions (and only for them Equation 13 is valid) fail to exist. Therefore, we need to analyze the discontinuous behavior of the reactor. In order to do that, we must first establish some general properties of the discontinuities often referred to as shocks. 

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