Shifting paradigms

I have heard many definitions of paradigm, some humorous, some academic, and some practical. From my perspective, fhis is one of those superfluous academic terms that is completely unnecessary. We have simple and straightforward words in the English language to cover every definition of paradigm. Perhaps that is why I often get humorous or sarcastic reactions from audiences when 1 ask, What s a paradigm  

Another participant replies, A paradigm is what I use on the farm to dig post holes. (Get it— pair-a-dig-ems. ) 

When I was a graduate student of psychology in the mid-1960s, paradigm was used to refer fo a particular experimental procedure or methodology in psychological research. For this discussion, I consulted three different dictionaries (Webster s New Universal Unabridged, 

The aim of this chapter is not to dissect the meaning of paradigm nor to debate whether one or more paradigm shifts have occurred in industrial safety. Instead, I want to define ten basic changes in belief, attitude, or perception that are needed to develop the ultimate Total Safety Culture. These shifts require new principles, approaches, or procedures, and will 

The shift in how paradigm is commonly defined does contain an important lesson. When we adopt and use new definitions, our mindset or perception changes. In other words, as I indicated in the previous chapter, we act ourselves into a new way of thinking or perceiving. This is a primary theme of this book. When employees get involved in more effective procedures to control safety, they develop a more constructive and optimistic attitude toward safety and the achievement of a Total Safety Culture. Let us consider the shifts in principles, procedures, beliefs, attitudes, or perceptions needed for the three new Es—ergonomics, empowerment, and evaluation—and for achieving a Total Safety Culture. 

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Sham, P, "Shifting Paradigms in Gene-Mapping Methodology for Complex Traits," Pharmacogenomics, 2, 195-202 (2001). 

A prime example of the use of the multibarrier approach to ensure security and safety is demonstrated by the practices of the bottled water industry. In the aftermath of 9/11 and the increased emphasis on homeland security, a shifted paradigm of national security and vulnerability awareness has emerged. Recall that in the immediate aftermath of the 9/11 tragedies, emergency responders and others responded quickly and worked to exhaustion. In addition to the emergency responders, bottled water companies responded immediately by donating several million bottles of water to the... 

Crommehn DJA, Storm G, Verrijk R, et al. Shifting paradigm biopharmaceuticals versus low molecular weight drugs. Int Pharm 2003 266 3-16. 

On a more positive note, multimedia enable us to respond pedagogically to the shifting paradigms of science, where, as remarked above, numerical analysis is replacing analytical solutions of equations. Through it, we can present computational chemistry, for instance, and pursue the fascinating complexity that arises from systems of coupled differential equations in chemical kinetics. 

The options we enumerate for improving efficiency of a column are by no means exhaustive or unique. We simply state them here to alert the reader of possible improvement options. We note that "cookbook" techniques to improve efficiencies are foredoomed to obsolescence since technology advances and they do not capture "out-of-the-box" solutions, which can shift paradigms. 

Darrah JM, Stefani MR, Moghaddam B. 2008. Interaction of N-methyl-D-aspartate and group 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors on behavioral flexibility using a novel operant set-shift paradigm. Behav Pharmacol 19 225-234. 

In November 1995, the Pew Health Professions Commission released its third report describing the future of the health professions in the United States.The changes foreseen by the Pew Commission come from the backdrop of failed government-driven health care reform and the emergence of market-driven health care reform. Table 2 illustrates the shifting paradigm in health care as outlined by the Pew Commission. 

Smith CL (2008) A shifting paradigm histone deacetylases and transcriptional activation. Bioessays 30(1) 15-24... 

Drachenberg CB, Papadimitriou JC, Ramos E. Histologic versus molecular diagnosis of BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy a shifting paradigm Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 1 374-379. 

The Shifting Paradigm The Evaluation Service Delivery Models... 

Haulier, C.H. (2007). Genetics, phylogenetics and biogeography considering how shifting paradigms and continents influence fern diversity. Brittonia 59, 108-114. 

M. Muthukumar Shifting Paradigms in Polymer Crystallization, Lect. Notes Phys. 714, 1—18 (2007)... 

Shifting Paradigms in Polymer Crystallization 15 The Concentration and Free energy profile... 

Ramus CA, Oppegaard K (2006) Shifting paradigms in sustainabihty management instrumental and value-driven orientations. International Institute fm Management Development (IMD) Pubhcation No. 1. http //www.imd.ch/research ubhcations/upload/Ramus Oppegaard WP (2006) 01 I,evel l.pdf. Accessed 4 June 2014... 

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