Shell-tube heat exchanger, condensate

Figure 13.3 Condensate backup in a shell-tube heat exchanger.

The shape of the coohng and warming curves in coiled-tube heat exchangers is affected by the pressure drop in both the tube and shell-sides of the heat exchanger. This is particularly important for two-phase flows of multicomponent systems. For example, an increase in pressure drop on the shellside causes boiling to occur at a higher temperature, while an increase in pressure drop on the tubeside will cause condensation to occur at a lower temperature. The net result is both a decrease in the effective temperature difference between the two streams and a requirement for additional heat transfer area to compensate for these losses. 

Water used as the coolant in an indirect-contact condenser (i.e., shell-and-tube heat exchanger), not in contact with contaminated gas stream, and is reusable after cooling... 

Most boiler plants with electrical power generating facilities employ surface condensers. These are shell-and-tube heat exchangers in either one-, two-, or four-pass configurations. Surface condensers typically receive cooling water on the tube-side and steam on the shell-side of the heat exchanger. The LP turbine steam generally is received at the top of the condenser and proceeds through the condenser in a downward flow, while the FW turbine exhaust steam enters at the side. 

A type of shell and tube heat exchanger that condenses exhaust steam and creates a vacuum, improving the efficiency of a turbine. 

Oil is to be wanned from 300 to 344 K by passing it at 1 m/s through the pipes of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Steam at 377 K condenses on the outside of the pipes, which have outer and inner diameters of... 

A shell and tube heat exchanger consists of 120 tubes of internal diameter 22 mm and length 2.5 nt. It is operated as a single pass condenser with benzene condensing at a temperature of 350 K on the outside... 

Convective heat exchange, natural or forced Radiant heat transfer, e.g. furnaces Evaporation, e.g. in evaporators Condensation, e.g. in shell and tube heat exchanges Heat transfer to boiling liquids, e.g. in vaporizers, boilers, re-boilers ... 

Condenser shell and tube heat exchanger, fixed tube sheets, heat transfer area 25 m2, design pressure 2 bar, materials stainless steel. 

Butterworth, D. (1978) Course on the Design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers (National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK). Condensation 1 - Heat transfer across the condensed layer. 

Pressure drop during condensation results essentially from the vapor flow. As condensation proceeds, the vapor flowrate decreases. The equations described previously for pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers are only applicable under constant flow conditions. Again the exchanger can be divided into zones. However, in preliminary design, a reasonable estimate of the pressure drop can usually be obtained by basing the calculation on the mean of the inlet and outlet vapor flowrates. 

Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are also used extensively for condensing duties. Condensers can be horizontally or vertically mounted with the condensation on the tube-side or the shell-side. Condensation normally takes place on the shell-side of horizontal exchangers and the tube-side of vertical exchangers. 

Gos from the wellhead with its associated condensate is first cooled in the Production Cooler. This cooler is o shell ond tube heat exchanger with the process fluid on the tube side and cooling water on the shell side. 

The liquid system from the production separator, consisting of a condensate/ water mixture, is first coded to ensure thot no gas breakout occurs during the subsequent stages and to reduce the level of dissolved water in the condensate. The Condensate Cooler is o shell and tube heat exchanger with inhibited fresh water on the shell side ond condensote on the tube side. 

And these two malfunctions are also the most common problems we encounter in the design and operation of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, used in total condensation service. 

Condensation in shell-and-tube heat exchangers. If what you have just read seems to be a repetition of the discussion on steam reboilers in... 

After distillation, heat transfer is the most important operation in a process plant. Most of the heat transfer in chemical plants and petroleum refineries takes place in shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The surface condenser we discussed in Chap. 18 is an example of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. 

There are various types of cooling water heat exchangers to be found in use today, and the permutations of these may number almost as many as the applications in which they are employed. Jackets on chemical reaction vessels are a specific type of heat exchanger, as are the coil bundles in evaporative condensers, plate and frame and shell and tube heat exchangers. 

Optimization of the coiled-tube heat exchanger is quite complex. There are numerous variables, such as tube and shell flow velocities, tube diameter, tube pitch, and layer spacing. Other considerations include single-phase and two-phase flow, condensation on either the tube or shell side, and boiling or evaporation on either the tube or shell side. Additional complications come into play when multicomponent streams are present, as in natural gas liquefaction, since mass transfer accompanies the heat transfer in the two-phase region. 

Oligohydridemethylsiloxane can also be produced by the continuous technique. In this case hydrolytic condensation should be carried out in a the flow circuit (pump - heat exchanger - hydrolyser) (see Fig. 36), in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (see Fig. 58) or in common countercurrent spray towers with agitators. The neutralisation of the product of hydrolytic condensation should be conducted in sectional apparatus with agitators, which also use the countercurrent principle. 

The hydrolytic condensation of methyltrichlorosilane is carried out in hydrolyser 6, which is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger cooled with salt solution (-15 °C). Before introducing it into the hydrolyser, the reactive mixture is mixed (in its bottom part) with acetone this mixture then enters the capillaries. At the same time the bottom part of the hydrolyser is filled with water. The reaction takes place in the tubes of the apparatus. The product of hydrolytic condensation is cooled and through the top of the hydrolyser is sent into tower 7, which is a Florentine flask, to split into the aqueous and organic layers. 

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