Sheet module

Flat-sheet modules are similar in some ways to conventional filter presses. An example is shown in Figure 16.17. This consists of a series of annular membrane discs of outer diameter 0.3 m placed on either side of polysulphone support plates which also provide... 

Figure 8.10. Schematic diagram of flat-sheet module...

Chart 10.3 Peptidomimetic /8-sheet modules with varying numbers of H bonding sites. 

Roland JT, Guan Z. Synthesis and single-molecule studies of a well-defined biomimetic modular multidomain polymer using a peptidomimetic j8-sheet module. J Am Chem Soc 2004 126 14328-14329. 

The extracellular portion of the hGHR and PRLR receptors is composed of two canonical fibronectin type III (FNIII) /3-sheet modules (Fig. 2). The N- and G-terminal domains each contain about 110 amino acids of very similar structures that are connected by a 5-6 residue linker (De Vos et al, 1992 Somers et al, 1994). However, the interdomain angles between the N and G-terminal domains differ substantially between the... 

The first reported zeolite-based membranes were composed of zeolite-filled polymers [3-9]. The incorporation of zeolite crystals into these polymers resulted in a change of both permeation behavior and selectivity, due to the alteration of the affinity of the membrane for the components studied. Up to now, most known inorganic, zeolitic membranes have consisted of supported or unsupported ZSM-5 or silicalite [10-27]. Other reported membranes are prepared from zeolite-X [21], zeolite-A [21,28], or AIPO4-5 [29]. The materials used as support arc metals, glass, or alumina. The membrane configurations employed are flat sheet modules and annular tubes. 

Electrofiltration is related to the application of an electric field to improve the efficiency of pressure-driven membrane filtration [110], Figure 10.47 shows the basic configuration of electrofiltration, where an electric field is applied across microfiltration or UF membranes in flat sheet modules, tubular modules, and SWMs. The electrode is installed on either side of the membrane with the cathode in the permeate side and the anode in the feed side. Usually, the membrane support is made of stainless steel or the membrane itself is made of conductive materials, to form the cathode. Titanium coated with a thin layer of a noble metal such as platinum could, according to Bowen [111], be one of the best anode materials. Wakeman and Tarleton [112] analyzed the particle trajectory in a combined fluid flow and electric field and suggested that a tubular configuration should be more effective in the use of electric power than the flat and multitubular module. 

Feed-channel spacers — spiral-wound modules and some flat-sheet modules High shear — vibrating membrane High shear — rotating the membrane High shear — rotor above the membrane Dean vortices Pulsing the feed Baffles... 

Spacers A mesh-like material used in flat-sheet modules (e.g. plate, spirals, pleated sheet) to separate successive layers of membranes. Spacers control the feed channel dimensions in these modules. Serve as turbulence promoters in spiral-wound membrane elements. 

The fluxes obtained with SLMs are on the order of 0.1 Kg/mVday. The net flux values for flat sheet modules are very small due to the low surface area. This can be improved by employing spiral-woimd or hollow fiber modules. Among these, the hollow fiber modules have gained popularity recently. 

TABLE 10.3 Some Submerged Flat-Sheet Modules... 

Figure 10.10 Huber VRM rotating submerged flat-sheet module (MBR).

An advanced simulation program based on a phenomenological/semiemprical approach in the pervaporation dehydration of solvents has been developed. This has been done to verify the actual and theoretical performance of the flat-sheet modules. An ethanol-water mixture was used as a model mixture. Some of the permeation parameters, which are used... 

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