Sheep lambing

STOP Horses, cattle (undefined), sheep, lambs, goats, swine (undefined), ostriches 37,633 220 0.58... 

Fru thermore, 156,078 samples from cattle, sheep/lambs, goats, swine, and other animals were screened for antibiotics and sulfonamide drug residues using the fast antimicrobial screen test (FAST) developed in 1991 to replace CAST and STOP. There were 1022 violations for cattle and 2 for swine samples. In cattle, violative cases included 335 for penicillin, 142 for streptomycin, 128 for tetracycline, 28 for erythromycin, 48 for neomycin, 174 for oxytetracycline, 17 for chlortetracycline, 109 for gentamicin, 87 for sulfamethazine, 22 for sulfamethoxazole, 141 for sulfadimethoxine, 7 for sulfachlorpyridazine, 2 for tylosin, and 19 for sulfathiazole. In swine, violative samples were limited to one for oxytetracycline and one for penicillin. Analogous surveys conducted in 1995 showed 804 violative specimens of the 68,139 samples tested. 

Purification of the enzyme from kidney has been reported for hog (68, 71, 74), beef (72), sheep, lamb, rabbit (70) and human (76). 

L. Jorhem, Lead and cadmium in tissues from horse, sheep, lamb and reindeer in Sweden, Z. Lebensm. Enters. Forsch., 208 (1999), 106-109. 

Since the Middle Ages, meat products have been subjected to many metamorphoses in food culture, the structure of meals, and economic and social factors. Still, meat is a central part of nutrition in Europe. The largest portion of the total consumption of meat in the European Union consists of pork, beef, and poultry. Also important is the consumption of meat from sheep (lamb) and goats, predominantly in Greece, followed by Ireland, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The consumption of meat from horse, rabbit, game, and other animals is lower (Deutscher Fleischer-Verband, 2003). 

Lamb is the flesh of young sheep mutton is the flesh of mature sheep. Lamb differs from mutton in both tenderness and flavor. 

In 1956 selenium was identified (123) as an essential micronutrient iu nutrition. In conjunction with vitamin E, selenium is effective iu the prevention of muscular dystrophy iu animals. Sodium selenite is adrninistered to prevent exudative diathesis iu chicks, a condition iu which fluid leaks out of the tissues white muscle disease iu sheep and infertility iu ewes (see Eeed ADDITIVES). Selenium lessens the iacidence of pneumonia iu lambs and of premature, weak, and stillborn calves controls hepatosis dietetica iu pigs and decreases muscular inflammation iu horses. White muscle disease, widespread iu sheep and cattle of the selenium-deficient areas of New Zealand and the United States, is insignificant iu high selenium soil areas. The supplementation of animal feeds with selenium was approved by the U.S. EDA iu 1974 (see Eeed additives). Much of selenium s metaboHc activity results from its involvement iu the selenoproteia enzyme, glutathione peroxidase. 

Corrected for six-month lifespan of lambs, which account for 50% of June census sheep numbers. 

Benoit, writing in 2002, felt that organic sheep have a profitable future in France. He calculated that with a 20% to 30% higher price for organic lamb and by extensifying the area of forage crops so that the farm is self-sufficient for food, then farm income can be maintained or even increased. 

Sheep are seasonal breeders so, with the exception of breeds such as the Dorset Horn, lambing is restricted to the period between February and May. The short breeding season dictates the supply of lamb and makes for an uneven supply of finished lamb for the market. The months of shortage are February to June. 

The most satisfactory method for the organic farmer to reduce the risk of infection to lambs from internal parasites is to practise clean grazing, which reduces parasitic infection and increases lamb growth rate (Fig. 3.5). The most effective method of clean grazing is, as we have seen, to use a three year rotational system with sheep, followed by cattle, and then arable. This presupposes land that can be ploughed. On permanent pasture farms with no arable, beef and sheep should be alternated. To make this effective, it helps if there are as many beef livestock units as sheep. If the farm contains only sheep, then it is advisable to alternate on an annual basis between ewes with twins and ewes with singles. If the flock normally produces mostly... 

Newton, J.E., Betts, J.E., Orr, R.J., Wilde, R.M. Dhanoa, M.S. (1982). The effect of time of lambing on sheep production. Technical Report 30, Grassland Research Institute, Hurley. 

Whether the husbandry of the production system is being efficiently carried out, and how much scope there is to increase reproductive efficiency in the sheep flock, for instance, by reducing the number of barren ewes and by reducing the number of lambs lost before sale. 

Parasite control in the sheep was achieved by a clean grazing system. Store lambs that were bought in from outside were invariably quarantined. 

This fraction was termed Haemonchus galactose-containing glycoprotein complex (H-gal-GP). The microvillar surface of the intestinal cells of worms retrieved from vaccinated lambs was coated with sheep immunoglobulin and protection observed, over a series of trials, was correlated with systemic antibody titre (Smith et al., 1999). 

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