Shear transfer

Design effective shear transferred to column Area of tension steel inx-direction ... 

Felix and Gatenholm [20] were among the first researchers who showed results confirming the presence of TCL on the surface of lignocellulosic filler. In the manufacturing of polypropylene composites containing cotton fibers, they observed the presence of TCL around fibers. An interesting observation was that the presence of formed TCL improves the shear transfer between filler fiber and the matrix. 

High residual stresses from welding cannot develop across the multiple thin layers in multilayered vessel shells. Any through thickness welds such as girth seams and nozzle welds do not develop high residual stresses because there is little shear transfer between tbe layers. As such, PWHT is seldom used and not desirable. 

Crack spacing and diameters of reinforcing bars are implicitly taken into account in smeared and joint interface elements, no matter how large they are. The constitutive equations of structural concrete satisfy uniqueness for compression, tension and shear transfer along crack planes. The bond between concrete and reinforcing bars is taken into account in the form of a tension-stiffeifing model the space-averaged... 

Ansari F and Libo Y (1998), Mechanics of bond and interface shear transfer in optical fiber sensors , J Eng Mech - ASCE, 124(4), 385-394. 

When the fibers are discontinuous, the fiber can carry stress only by a shear transfer process at the interface. Kelly and Tyson have proposed a... 

The data obtained using the test method reviewed should be reported as direct shear strength. These data can only be compared to data determined by the same direct-shear methods. This test cannot be used to develop shear S-S curves or determine a shear modulus, because bending or compression rather than pure shear transfer a considerable portion of the load. The test results depend on the susceptibility of the material to the sharpness of load faces. 

It may be noted that the pressure always returns to the Janssen asymptotic value po below the switch . The increase in the axial force developing in the wall is much smaller (Figure 3.14) because the switch only affects the frictional shear transfer locally. 

Where anehors are used to transfer shear, reinforcement is typically required, since it is generally diffieult to develop the anchor loads in the concrete member only. This is because of limited eonerete breakout strength due to small edge distances and anchor spacing. Shear reinforeement should be designed to carry the entire shear load, exeluding any contribution from concrete. Stmt-and-tie models can be used to analyze shear transfer to elosed ties. 

The advantage of using the STM for analyzing shear transfer and designing shear reinforcement for pedestal anchorages is the elimination of questionable assumptions related to the size and shape of the concrete breakout cone, the crack location (whether the shear cracks propagate from the middle of pedestals, front-row anchors, or back-row anchors), and the amount of shear reinforcement that is effective to restrain the concrete breakout cone. 

The following assumptions are suggested in order to proceed with the use of the STM for shear transfer analysis on pedestal anchorage and for designing the anchor shear reinforcement ... 

Figure 3.28 Shear Transfer Methodology for Vertical Vessel Anchors...

Strut-and-tie modeing (Rguie A1-S) is used to analyze shear transfer to conra ele pedestal and to design the required amouS of shear reiitforeemenl... 

Due to the limitations of the test techniques, and the absence of any direct experimental data, the function of HA nanocrystals has rather been presumed on the basis of several deformation models of bone. These include shear transfer between mineral particles via intermediate ductile organic layers, slippage at the collagen-mineral interface, phase transformation of the mineral phase, sacrificial bond disruption between fibrils, microcracking, and uncracked Hgament bridging. 

The equivalent strut method is an oversimplification of the actual behavior of an infill wall and fails to capture some key failure mechanisms, such as the one depicted in Fig. 2c. A strut model will not account for the possible shear failure of a column that could be induced by the frame-wall interaction. There is no simple solution to overcome this problem. A study by Stavridis (2009) based on detailed nonlinear finite element models has demonstrated that the compressive stress field in a masonry infill wall may not be accurately represented by a single diagonal strut and that a strut model ignores the shear transfer between the beam and the infill. Hence, replacing a wall by a diagonal strut will not lead to a realistic representation of the load transfer from the frame to the wall. Moreover, as mentioned previously, it is not possible to have a single strut width to capture both the initial stiffness and load capacity of an infilled frame. 

Assessment Buildings Interface Jacketing Repair Retrofitting Shear transfer Strengthening Structural interventions Structures... 

Shear Transfer Along Concrete-to-Concrete Interfaces... 

Shear transfer is affected by the roughness of the sliding planes, by the characteristics of the reinforcement, by the comphance of concrete, and by the state of stress in the interface zone. 

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