Shape oblong

At this point, we are most interested in the size of particles and how the other factors relate to the question of size. The next most important factor is shape. Most of the particles that we will encounter are spheroidal or oblong in shape, but if we discover that we have needle-like (acicular) particles, how do we define their average diameter Is it an avereige of the sum of length plus cross-section, or what ... 

The wireless pH capsule (Medtronic Inc.) is oblong in shape and contains an antimony pH electrode, a reference electrode at its distal tip, a battery, and a RF transmitter. The whole device is encapsulated in epoxy. The capsule is introduced into the esophagus on a catheter through the nose or mouth and is attached to the lining of the esophagus with a clip. The probe monitors the pH in the esophagus and transmits the information via RF telemetry at a rate of 6 per second (0.17 Hz) to a pager-sized receiver that is worn by the patient on a belt. Prior to implantation, the capsule is calibrated with its receiver in pH buffer solutions of pH 1.07 and pH 7.01 [168],... 

How exactly the molecules are oriented inside the channels depends on their specific shape and on the adsorption interaction between the dyes and the channel walls or charge compensating cations. Because of the dye s oblongness, a double-cone-like distribution in the channels is a reasonable model. This distribution is illustrated in Fig. 19a. The arrows represent the transition moments of the dyes and a describes the half-opening angle of the double cone. The hexagonal structure of the zeolite L crystal hence allows six equivalent positions of the transition moments on this double cone with respect to the channel axis. 

The products can have a variety of shapes, such as spherical, oblong or irregular, can be monolithic or aggregates, and can have single or multiple walls. In Fig. 20.1 some typical morphologies of capsules are shown. The capsules consist of the coated or entrapped materials referred to as active, core material, fill, internal phase or payload (such as aroma chemicals). The coating or matrix material is called wall, membrane, carrier, shell or capsule. 

The success of prolonged-release morphine prompted the development of prolonged-release formulations for other opioids, for example the matrix made of hydrophobic and hydrophilic matrix formers, for example on hydrocodeine (DHC retard with cetostearyl alcohol and hydroxyethyl-cellulose), oxycodone (oxygesic with stearyl alcohol and polyacrylate) and tramadol (tramundin with cetostearyl alcohol and ethylcellulose). By virtue of the oblong shape of hydrocodeine and tramadol tablets the prolonged-release tablets can be divided, whereby compared with whole tablets release from the divided tablets is slightly accelerated. The difference with these forms is that with increasing dose the release slows down. 

The leaves resemble in size and shape those of tea they are oval-oblong, pointed, 2 in. or more in length by somewhat over an inch in their greatest breadth, and furnished with short delicate... 

Features The oblong-conical shaped pods are fiery to the taste, and the numerous seeds contain a large amount of oil, which has a similar effect on the palate. The fruit itself, however, differs widely in size, colour and strength. The yellowish-red product of Sierra Leone is the most pungent, the long, bright red type from Japan being much milder. 

Features Stem erect, three to four feet, striated, smooth, freely branched. Leaves thrice pinnate, awl-shaped leaflets. Flowers (July and August) golden yellow, in broad, terminal umbels. Fruit oblong, cylindrical, slightly curved, half-inch long by one-tenth inch broad. Taste and smell, sweetish and aromatic. 

Features Angular stem, nine or ten inches in height. Leaves broadly oblong, tapering to a peculiar tip, grow from the root round the flower stalk. Flowers blue, five delicate petals, clustering on branched stalks. No scent, in spite of name. Root purplish-brown, rough, spindle-shaped. 

The preceding observations on the microscopic features of polymer melt devolatilization are not unique to the PS-styrene system, or to strand devolatilization. Similar, though somewhat less rich, features of blister-covered macrobubbles were observed with low-density polyethylene (PE), high-density PE and polypropylene (PP) systems (40,41). Furthermore, Tukachinsky et al. (11) discovered macrobubbles covered with microblisters in a 50-mm-diameter vented SSE, with PS showing more oblong shapes as a result of shearing. The onset of foaming with the application of vacuum was quicker with increased frequency of screw rotation, and the separation was more efficient. 

Figure 1.7 A zoomed detail of the phenol cavity near the ring centre. Some typical cut tesserae shapes are shown. A a tessera with complex cutting but without problematic situations. B an oblong tessera. C a very small tessera. D short edges can cause numerical troubles. B, C, D are cases of ill-defined tesserae (see Colour Plate section).

The obvious drawback of Mikkelsen s MPE model is the spherical shape of the cavity, making the calculations for extended systems such as peptide models or for oblong molecules such as acetylene rather awkward. This is improved in the IEF-PCM model, which is currently most often used to calculate solvent effects on the spin-spin coupling constants. 

Fig. 2.5. Taenia taeniaeformis (strobilocercus) freeze-etch preparation, x 23 800. The tegument contains numerous oblong vesicles (OV) and round, irregularly shaped inclusions. Microtriches have short, broad bases (B) and long, thin tips (T). Note also the double-bound intrusions in the base of the tegument (arrow) and channel (double arrows) within the tegument. The arrow at top right shows the direction of the external surface. (After Conder et al., 1983.)...

The shape of the individual ligules (often considered to be the petals) varies, with some being wide at the base and others narrow (oblong), the length being 2.6 to 4 times the width. There may be defects in the flower heads such as in the shape, size, presence of doubles, and various deformities. One clone ( Hybrid 120 ) often had flowers that were fused, forming double or triple flowers (Pas ko, 1973). 

Autol05.62G.2 — French origin. White tubers, ovoid (oblong) shaped. Early maturing. Maintained by Institut National de la Recherches Agronomique (INRA), UMR-DGPC, Montpellier, France (INRA MPHE001373) limited immediate availability. 

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