Sex-specific selection

SHIRK ETAL. Sex-Specific Selection Using Genes... 

Voigt, C.C., Caspers, B. and Speck, S. (2005) Bats, bacteria, and bat smell Sex-specific diversity of microbes in a sexually selected scent organ. J. Mammal. 86, 745-749... 

Christensen T. A. and Hildebrand J. G. (1987) Male-specific, sex pheromone-selective projection neurons in the antennal lobes of the modi Mundue a sexta. J. Comp. Physiol. [A] 160, 553-569. 

Z)-9-Tricosene 382 (muscalure) together with a series of homologous alkenes was isolated as the sex-specific attractive basic component from faecal and cuticular lipids of the house fly Musca domestica 219). These alkenes, all possessing (Z)-configuration, were, in addition to other methods, synthesized by selective Wittig ole-... 

A major limitation to SIR programs is the requirement for the availability of large numbers of reproductively competent sterile males (2). Because there is no efficient mechanism for the specific selection of males, the current SIR programs rear, sterilize, and release both sexes. The presence of the females results in added costs to the programs for rearing and in reduced efficiency of sterile male matings after release. Implementation of improved procedures for the selection of males or removal of females early in development would offer measures necessary to reduce the costs and increase the efficiency of SIR programs. 

Theoretical Mechanisms Underlying Species-Specificity. Because empirical evidence suggests that fish sex pheromones may sometimes be species-specific, discussion of how this might happen for hormonal products is warranted. For sex pheromones in general, it can be assumed that where sympatric species use similar sex pheromones, selection... 

Specificity is a measure of how selectively the analytical method measures the marker compound in the presence of other compounds. The descriptors used to establish specificity differ depending upon the guideline (see Table 3), but the purpose behind them is the same. In all cases, the method must be demonstrated to have no interference from several (at least five) confrol animals that represent variation in sex, age, and breed. Further, incurred residue samples or authentic metabolite standards must demonstrate no interference with the marker residue detection. The method must be tested with other approved dmgs for the target species to show that no interference exists if these compounds are also present. 

During the last decade, the development of animal models with selective ablation of specific genes has allowed the identification of physiological responses associated with each receptor subtype, as well as their complementarity in the regulation of reproductive function (Lubahn et al. 1993 Krege et al. 1998 Dupont et al. 2000). In addition, a large number of recent reports have shown that in a variety of tissue and cell types sex steroids are also able to interact with... 

The threshold for a specific effect may vary considerably for different exposure routes and for different species because of differences in the toxicokinetics for different species and exposure routes, and possibly also because of differences in the toxicodynamics. The NOAEL and LOAEL derived for a given smdy will therefore in general depend on the experimental smdy design, i.e., species, sex, age, strain, and developmental status of animals number of animals per exposure level selection of exposure levels the spacing between the exposure levels duration of exposure and sensitivity of methods used to measure the responses. Thus, the sensitivity of a particular smdy may... 

Lundberg, S. and Lofstedt, C. (1987). Intra-specific competition in the sex communication channel a selective force in the evolution of moth pheromones. Journal of Theoretical Biology 125 15-24. 

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