Sessile oak

Quercus alba, also known as American white oak, and two European species, Quercus roburh. and Quercuspetraea Liebl, the former also known as pedunculate oak and the latter as sessile oak, are the species most frequently used in coopering. 

Masson, E., Baumes, R., Le Guemeve, C., Puech, J. L. (2000a). Identification of a precursor of yS-methyl-y-octalactone in the wood of sessile oak Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). J. Agric. Eood Chem., 48, 4306 309. 

In accordance with what we learned at the laboratory in model media, there is an optimum toasting level above which the formation of volatile substances with a toasty aroma increases significantly (medium toast), and a further level above which they disappear rapidly (US heavy toast for the American oak). In comparison with the standard process for European sessile oak, the toasting process developed for American oak seems more favorable towards the formation and extraction of such molecules. 

Bakker, M.R., Kerisit, R., Verbist, K., Nys, C., 1999. Effects of liming on rhizosphere chemistry and growth of fine roots and of shoots of sessile oak (Quercuspetraed). Plant Soil 217, 243-255. 

Viriot C, Scalbert A, Herve du Penhoat CLM, Michon VMF, Moutounet M (1994) Ellagitannins in woods of sessile oak and sweet chestnut. Dimerization and hydrolysis during wood ageing. Phytochemistry 36 1253-1260... 

For the production of oak barrels in Europe wood of the English oak (Quercus robur) or of the Sessile oak (Q.petraea) and in the USA the wood of the white oak (Q. alba) are used. In addition to insoluble polymers (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin), oak wood contains about 10% of phenolic compounds in dry matter, the predominant part of which are ellagotannins. 

Carlisle, A., Brown, A. H. F., and White, E. J. (1967). The nutrient content of tree stem flow and ground flora litter and leachates in a sessile oak Quercus petraea) woodland. J. EcoL 55, 615-627. 

CARUSIE, A., A.H.F. BROWN, AND E.J. WHITE. 1966. The organic matter and nutrient elements in precipitation beneath a sessile oak (Quecus petraea) canopy. J. Ecx>l. 54, 87-98. 

Recent research in 18 other hardwoods (and in pine) has shown the possibility to assess the vitality of other tree species of the Northern hemisphere in the same way as reported here for beech as an example. There are to take into account only little species-dependant modifications. This research has been finished now for Silver Birch, Pubescent Birch (ROLOFF 1989a, WESTMAN 1989), Norway maple. Sycamore, Sugar maple. Horse-chestnut, Black alder. Hornbeam, European Ash, American Beech, Scotch pine. Wild cherry. Sessile oak, English oak. False acacia. Common willow. Small-leaved lime and Large-leaved lime (ROLOFF 1989a). 

Cutler SR, Rodriguez PL, Finkelstein RR, Abrams SR (2010) Absdsic acid emergence of a core signaling network. Annu Rev Plant Biol 61 651-679 Cvikrova M, Mala J, Eder J, Hrubcova M, Vdgner M (1998) Absdsic acid, polyamines and phenolic adds in sessile oak somatic embryos in relation to their conversion potential. Plant Physiol... 

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