Service oriented contracts

Buyers may use outsourcing as much as possible. This is a modem trend (or perhaps it merely seems so) and often finds favor. Also, buyers may require additional labor services or may relinquish much of the day-to-day water treatment work normally accepted as an in-house function and pass over to water treatment service company contractors. This may include functions such as the disposal of empty chemical drums, chemical tank fillup, or equipment hookups. Such service-oriented contracts are fine, but the buyers cannot totally abrogate all control and have to take responsibility, in the final analysis, for policing their own contracts. 

The results of the tests do not seem to provide a clear-cut answer. On the one hand, there is no clear evidence to support the interpretation that entry into the world of university-industry relationships by new laboratories implies that these laboratories would be involved in shorter term, lower budget service oriented contracts. The non-persistent laboratories have a slightly higher share of services in their portfolio, but they are also the laboratories that are involved in longer-term contracts. On the other hand, there is not sufficient evidence to support the view that the 90s was a period of a structural change in relationships between ULP and firms characterised by changes in the types of contracts with all types of laboratories involved in more demand-supply, service oriented kinds of relationships with firms. 

An alternative explanatory hypothesis is that the changes in the average characteristics of contracts might be due to a structural change in the demand for collaboration by F I with universities. In Section 4 we showed that all types of laboratories, those new to the game and those with experience and more persistent collaborations, shifted over time towards smaller sized, shorter duration and more service-oriented types of contracts. This is a sign of structural change in the relationship between universities and firms. 

Orientation of drivers should be a local process that introduces the novice school bus driver to the spedlic vehicles, policies, emergency procedures, and route or collision reporting procedures of the local school district or provider agency. A school district still has responsibility for driver actions and errors when contracting with a private agency to perform the school transportation services. It is incumbent on the school district administer to review policies and procedures for this orientation process for the local school entity. 

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