Serum chloride determination

This indicates that the influence of acetate on chloride determination in the physiological range in serum is not significant. Those experiments indicates that aspirin levels exceeding seriously the therapeutical doses may interfere the determination of chloride but this is not the case for amounts normally used. 

The performed experiments indicate that ascorbic acid, procainamide, digoxine, streptomycin, tetracyclin, erythromycin, lidocain, valium, quinidin and lactate do not influence the determination of potassium, sodium, calcium and chloride in serum in the conditions existing in the KONE Microlyte analyzer. A positive error in chloride determination is observed when the dose of aspirine strongly exceeds the therapeutical dose. 

Edwards-Levy, F., Andry, M. C. Levy, M. C. (1994). Determination of free amino group content of serum-albumin microcapsules. II. Effect of variations in reaction-time and terephthaloyl chloride concentration. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Vol. 103, 3, (March 1994), pp. (253-257), ISSN 0378-5173 Friend, D. R. (2005). New oral delivery systems for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Vol. 57, 2, (January 2005), pp. (247-265), ISSN 0169-409X... 

Seligson, S. McCormick. G. J. and Sleeman, R. Electrometric method for the determination of chloride in serum and other biological fluids. Clin. Chem. (1958), 4, 159 -169. 

Proteins may be covalently attached to the latex particle by a reaction of the chloromethyl group with a-amino groups of lysine residues. We studied this process (17) using bovine serum albumin as a model protein - the reaction is of considerable interest because latex-bound antigens or antibodies may be used for highly sensitive immunoassays. The temperature dependence of the rate of protein attachment to the latex particle was unusually small - this rate increased only by 27% when the temperature was raised from 25°C to 35°C. This suggests that non-covalent protein adsorption on the polymer is rate determining. On the other hand. the rate of chloride release increases in this temperature interval by a factor of 17 and while the protein is bound to the latex particle by only 2 bonds at 25°C, 22 bonds are formed at 35°C. 

Several recent determinations of the alkali and alkaline earth metals in serum or urine have been reported. Barrett 29) determined potassium, sodium, and calcium in semm by diluting the samples with lanthanum chloride solution. Suttle and Field 3°) used atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine potassium and magnesium in sheep plasma. 

More recent determinations of serum iron have been reported by Schmidt 57), who simply diluted with lanthanum chloride solution, and by Tavenier and Hellen-doorn58), who deproteinized samples in the latter study, iron in the protein precipitate is analyzed to correct the serum iron level. Uny etal. 59) determined serum iron, using ultrasonic nebulization of the sample to increase the sensitivity. Olson and Hamlin 6°) have determined serum iron and total iron-binding capacity. Proteins are precipitated and iron (III) is released by heating with trichloroacetic acid. 

Helmerson 2881, and more recently Bartels 2891, determined chloride in serum by adding excess silver and then measuring the excess silver ion in the filtrate. Ezell 29°) used a similar procedure to determine chloride in plant liquors and Gutsche etal.29 determined chlorine in milk by measuring the excess silver by flame photometry. 

Further applications for the determination of the newer antidepressants have employed precolumn derivatization, which included a reaction with dansyl chloride or 4-(N-chloroformylmethyl-N-methyl) amino-7-nitro-2,l,3,-benzoxadiazole (NBD-COCL) followed by separation on ODS Cl8 analytical columns maintained at either 35°C or 70°C using either isocratic or gradient elution with fluorescence end-point detection. The compounds were isolated from human plasma or serum by LLE or SPE techniques using... 

Chloride ion-selective electrodes The most important region of application is the determination of chlorides in waters, including sea water (for a review, see [167]), in serum [110,112,371] (review in [167]) and in soil [151,219,341], The determination of chloride ions in sweat made screening for cystic fibrosis possible in new-born babies (review, [45,55a, 262]). Br , I and S " interfere in the determination of chlorides in phosphate rocks [81]. Sulphite can be determined directly using an electrode with an Hgj CI2 - HgS membrane [398] on the basis of the reaction... 

A method for the determination of diazinon in human serum has recently been published by researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Liu et al. 1994) in which 2-dimensional chromatography was used to determine 15 pesticides in 4 minutes. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to recover pesticides into methylene chloride and this extract was analyzed using two 2-meter columns connected by an on-column thermal desorption modulator. Sensitivity for diazinon was reported to be 1.8 pg on-column no details about overall recoveries were provided. 

The toxicity of papaverine has been studied,36 as have its effects on energy processes in myocardial mitochondria,37 on the release and metabolism of dopamine,38 on contractile force and C-nucleotide levels in dog myocardium,39 on serum-induced spasms in cerebral arterioles,40 and on production of PGE2 by rabbit gastric mucosa,41 and the biological effects of drotaverine,42 N-benzoylpapaverinium chloride,43 and norlaudanosoline44 have been studied. A rapid method for the determination of papaverine in plasma by h.p.l.c. has been described.45... 

Hsieh et al. [46] described an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the R-(—) and (S)-(+)-enantiomers of vigabatrin in human serum after precolumn derivatization with a fluorescent chiral reagent (naproxen acyl chloride) and detection at 350 nm with excitation at 230 nm. Separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8 (5 /an) column (15 cm x 4.6 mm) using a mixed solvent of acetate buffer (pH 7)-methanol (60 40) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. The calibration graphs for each enantiomer were linear over the... 

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