Sequential batch

Sequential batch diafiltration is a series of dilution—concentration steps. The concentration of membrane-permeable species is... 

Process data for the same polymer recipe were analyzed for 50 noncon-secutive, sequential batches. As before, the data were preprocessed to remove outliers and sorted to reflect normal operation. The data are sampled at 1-minute intervals during production of each batch. Fillering and normalization of the data is done prior to analysis. The final polymer quality... 

Lourenco ND, Novais JM, Pinheiro HM (2001) Effect of some operational parameters on textile dye biodegradation in a sequential batch reactor. J Biotechnol 89 163-174... 

But afterwards it was found that facultative microorganisms behave differently in sequential treatment. Sandhya et al. studied the functions of the microaerophilic-aerobic sequential batch reactor for the treatment of synthetic dye wastewater [46]. 

MLSS Mixed liquor suspended solids SBR Sequential batch reactor... 

Pseudomonas luteola Reactive red 22 Flask Sequential batch Static and agitated incubation E Ca arginate, k carageenan polyacryl. gel 0-200 20-47 5-10... 

The sequential batch reactor (SBR) consists of a vessel operated under batch conditions according to the time schedule reported in Fig. 3. The symbols Fill, React, Settle, Draw and Idle refer to the typical sequential phases of operation loading, reaction, biophase settling, discharging and the idle time. The reaction period may be split into two sub-phases an anaerobic phase and an aerobic phase. The aerobic sub-phase is devoted to convert products of the azo-dye anaerobic... 

Sandhya S, Padmavathy S, Swaminathan K et al (2005) Microaetophilic-aerobic sequential batch reactor for treatment of azo dyes containing simulated wastewater. Process Biochem 40 885-890... 

It is the objective of this paper to provide a comprehensive review of the state-of-the art of short-term batch scheduling. Our aim is to provide answers to the questions posed in the above paragraph. The paper is organized as follows. We first present a classification for scheduling problems of batch processes, as well as of the features that characterize the optimization models for scheduling. We then discuss representative MILP optimization approaches for general network and sequential batch plants, focusing on discrete and continuous-time models. Computational... 

Constant-volume batch diafiltration is the most efficient process mode. Sequential batch diafiltration is a series of dilution-concentration steps. Continuous diafiltration practiced in one or more stages of a cascade system has the same volume turnover relationship for overall recoveries as sequential batch diafiltration. The residence time however is dramatically reduced. If recovery of permeable solids is of primary importance, the permeate from the last stage may be used as diafiltration fluid for the previous stage. This countercurrent diafiltration arrangement results in higher permeate solids at the expense of increased membrane area. 

Sequential batches that fail to meet product and process specifications... 

Leaching The dissolution and extraction of chemical species from solid samples by water, acids, bases, organic solvents, salt solutions, or other liquids (compare with batch leaching, column leaching, sequential batch leaching, serial batch leaching, and leaching test). 

Sequential batch leaching A batch leaching test where a solid sample is leached in successive volumes of different types of leaching solutions (compare with serial batch leaching, leaching test, column leaching, and batch leaching). 

Christensen and Lun [57] developed a speciation procedure using a cation-exchange resin (Chelex 100) in a sequential batch/column/batch system for determining free divalent cadmium and cadmium complexes of various stabilities at the cadmium concentrations typically found in landfill leachates... 

Laboratory scale-up in single-mode reactors to produce gram amounts of material can be performed either by the above-mentioned sequential batch processing using various vessel sizes (up to 50 mL) or by employing CF or SF reaction cells (5-50 mL). Conversely, multimode instruments allow for parallel synthesis or applications in large batches up to 1 L total volume and even CF and SF approaches utilizing > 300 mL cells (see below). 

The preparative method used in these syntheses and in the scaleup evaluation was a two-step sequential batch technique (Figure 6) (see Experimental). BPDSC and bisphenol A, both sparingly soluble, were suspended in methylene chloride. No reaction occurred until the acid acceptor was added slowly to this mixture. Once the initial exothermic... 

Various biological processes have been used with good results, including extended aeration/activated sludge, sequential batch reactors, and biofihn reactors. Anaerobic treatment has not been effective because of high sulfate levels. 

---