Separators Containing Inorganic Material

Because of the use of various electrolyte systems, pH gradients, and not least an electric field, some complexes would not survive the separation. It is therefore necessary that the species to be separated are both thermodynamically and kineti-cally stable. Recently, Bocek and Foret have reviewed the application of isotachophoresis to the separation of inorganic species. This technique appears to be well-suited for the study of the distribution of metabolites of metal-containing drugs in body fluids. A survey of the application of electrophoretic techniques to biological materials can be found in the book edited by Deyl... 

During PCC oxidations, a dark viscous material containing reduced chromium salts is produced, and can interfere in the separation and purification of the product. Very often, solid particles consisting an inorganic material, such as silica gel,223 Celite ,224 Florisil ,225 magnesium sulfate226 or montmorillonite K10198 are added to PCC oxidations, so that the reduced... 

The synthetic approach of inorganic materials via the Split Pool methodology is closely connected to the question of synthesizing materials on or within physical entities that will contain the library member throughout the synthetic process. If physical entities are employed as carriers that show sufficient chemical inertness towards the screening process, a separation of the final library compound may... 

Interference from Phase Separations. The potential phase separations that occur during treatment of highly concentrated waste streams containing both organic and inorganic material on the preheater, reactor, or cool-down section cause major interference to the operation of the SCWO process. The... 

The solution is evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure on a water bath. In order to remove as much hydrochloric acid as possible, the temperature of the bath is raised to 100° toward the end of the distillation. The residue of amino acid hydrochloride and inorganic salts is suspended in 500 cc. of absolute ethyl alcohol. The suspension is boiled on a steam bath for a short time, then cooled to room temperature and filtered on a Buchner funnel. The residue of inorganic salts is washed with 500 cc. of absolute ethyl alcohol. To the combined filtrates is added 400 cc. of ethyl ether (u. s. p. quality) in order to precipitate inorganic material. After several hours the mixture is filtered, and the residue is washed with a 5 2 mixture of absolute ethyl alcohol and ether. The filtrate is transferred to a 5-1. round-bottomed flask, about 200 cc. of water is added, and the liquids are removed by distillation under reduced pressure. The nearly dry residue is dissolved in 2 1. of water, and the solution is treated with an excess of freshly prepared lead hydroxide (Note 5). The suspension is diluted with water to a volume of about 3.5 1. and is then concentrated under reduced pressure, at as low a temperature as possible, to a volume of about 2 1. The suspension is then filtered with suction (Note 6), and the residue of lead salts is washed thoroughly with water. The cloudy filtrate, which still contains some free ammonia, is concentrated by distillation under reduced pressure to a volume of about 300-400 cc. The mixture is filtered, the filtrate is saturated with hydrogen sulfide gas, and the precipitate of lead sulfide is removed by filtration with suction (Note 6). The solution is now concentrated by distillation under reduced pressure on a water bath, and 1 1. of 95 per cent ethyl alcohol is added to the nearly dry residue of the amino acid. The suspension is boiled under a reflux condenser until nearly all the amino acid is dissolved, and the mixture is then allowed to cool to room temperature. The amino acid, which separates in the form of fine needles, is collected on a Buchner funnel and washed with a little 95 per cent ethyl alcohol. A second crop of... 

Generally impurities in the oxidizers or other inorganic materials disturb the flame colour. Strontium salts usually contain some barium salt as an impurity which produces the undesirable spectrum BaCl or BaOH band and disturbs the colour of the flame. Accordingly it is necessary to use strontium salts of high purity to obtain a good red flame. Strontium and barium belong to the same group of elements, and it is difficult to separate barium and strontium salts industrially, but in a laboratory strontium salts can be purified until they have a barium content of less... 

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