Separation technologies/processes membrane

Practical appHcations have been reported for PVP/ceUulosics (108,119,120) and PVP/polysulfones (121,122) in membrane separation technology, eg, in the manufacture of dialysis membranes. Electrically conductive polymers of polyaruline are rendered more soluble and hence easier to process by complexation with PVP (123). Addition of small amounts of PVP to nylon 66 and 610 causes significant morphological changes, resulting in fewer but more regular spherulites (124). 

It is expected that in the very near future, the application of closed water loops will show an intensive growth, strongly supported by the further development of separate treatment technologies such as anaerobic treatment, membrane bioreactors, advanced biofilm processes, membrane separation processes, advanced precipitation processes for recovery of nutrients, selective separation processes for recovery of heavy metals, advanced oxidation processes, selective adsorption processes, advanced processes for demineralisation, and physical/chemical processes which can be applied at elevated temperature. 

Gas separation processes with membranes have undergone a major evolution since the introduchon of the first membrane-based industrial hydrogen separation process about two decades ago. The development of high selectivity mixed-matrix membranes will further advance the technology of membrane gas separation processes within the next decade. 

Reverse osmosis is applicable for the separation, concentration, and/or fractionation of inorganic or organic substances in aqueous or nonaqueous solutions in the liquid or the gaseous phase, and hence it opens a new and versatile field of separation technology in chemical process engineering. Many reverse osmosis processes are also popularly called "ultrafiltration", and many reverse osmosis membranes are also practically useful as ultrafilters. 

T0689 SBP Technologies, Inc., Membrane Filtration T0691 SBP Technologies, Inc., Solid-Phase Bioremediation T0706 Separation and Recovery Systems, Inc., SAREX Process T0712 SIVE Services, Steam Injection and Vacuum Extraction (SIVE)... 

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a separation technology that uses selective semipermeable membranes to remove dissolved solids, such as metal salts, from water. In the RO process, the solution containing the contaminant(s) is applied under pressure to one side of a membrane. The water passes through the membrane, leaving behind a solution with a smaller volume and a higher concentration of solutes. 

Membrane separation technologies offer the following advantages over competing processes ... 

Although membrane separation technologies have found applications in a number of specific areas, the potential for these unique processes has not yet begun to be tapped. 

Sec also Centrifugation Classifying (Process) Electrostatic Precipitator and Membrane Separations Technology. 

Strathmann, H. (1995) Electrodialysis and related processes, in Membrane Separation Technology (eds R.D. Nobel and S.A. Stern), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 213—281. 

A very promising method to solve this problem is coupling the photocatalysis with membrane techniques, obtaining a very powerful process with great innovation in water treatment. In fact, membrane processes, thanks to the selective property of the membranes, have been shown to be competitive with the other separation technologies for what concerns material recovery, energy costs, reduction of the environmental impact and selective or total removal of the components [77]. 

---