Sensing, conducting polymers

Torsi, L., M.C. Tanese, N. Cioffi, M.C. Gallazzi, L. Sabbatini, P.G. Zambonin, G. Raos, S.V. Meille, and M.M. Giangregorio. 2003. Side-chain in chemically sensing conducting polymer field-effect... 

Chemical and Biochemical Sensors. The sensitivity of the electrical properties of conductive polymers to chemical stimuli suggests they may prove useful in a number of sensing applications. 

Lee HJ, Lee J, Park S-M (2010) Electrochemistry of conductive polymers. 45. Nanoscale conductivity of PEDOT and PEDOT PSS composite films studied by current-sensing AFM. J Phys Chem B 114 2660... 

The first report of a WF field-effect transistor with a gate material other than Pd apparently appeared in the late 1980s. A phthalocyanine film has been evaporated over the gate insulator and over the Al contacts (Burr et al., 1987). Since then, a variety of conducting polymers has been deposited over the transistor gate and evaluated as materials for gas sensing (Liess et al., 1996) (Fig. 6.31). The general... 

Solid-state ion sensors with conducting polymers as ion-to-electron transducers (and sensing membranes) offer some advantages over conventional liquid-contact ISEs. Solid-state ISEs without internal filling solution are more durable, require less maintenance, are easier to miniaturize, and allow great flexibility in electrode design and fabrication. 

Solid-contact ISEs with conducting polymers as ion-to-electron transducers and plasticized PVC-based sensing membranes may be applied... 

Solid-state ion sensors with conducting polymers as sensing membranes have also proved useful in some applications. Of particular importance are the pH sensors based on polyaniline that can be also applied in non-aqueous solutions. Polypyrrole-based sensors for nitrate also show great promise for water analysis. However, in addition to these two excellent examples, a large number of functionalized conducting polymers have been synthesized already, and these materials may offer unique possibilities for fabrication of durable, miniaturized ion sensors. 

A good example for a microanalytical device is the gas sensor array. The conductometric approach for gas sensing was favored during the last years using metal oxides or conductive polymers. Unfortunately such sensors are quite unspecific and therefore sensor arrays with modified sensing layers have to be used. The selectivity derives from a sophisticated data processing using neural networks. Complete gas analysis systems with microfluidic and data acquisition are now under development. 

Conductive polymers such as polypyrrole or polyaniline have been applied to sensing vapor and gases. These sensors change their conductivity when exposed to organic vapors because of the effects the vapors have on the availability of charge carriers. One way to obtain selectivity for these materials is... 

Collins, G.E. and Buckley, L.J. Conductive polymer-coated fabrics for chemical sensing, Synth. Met., 78, 93 (1996). 

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