Semiconductor sensors, chemical

This book is the first attempt to provide a detailed description of scientific basis of the method of semiconductor chemical sensors which are presently widely applied in various domains of industry and in everyday life. The major feature of this book (which distinguishes it from the literature published up to date) is that it mainly examines the use of the method of semiconductor sensors in fine physical and chemical studies. 

Arbitrary the book can be divided into two complementary parts. The first one describes the physical and chemical basics leading to description of the method of semiconductor sensors. The mechanisms of underlying processes are given. These processes involve interaction of gas with the surface of semiconductor adsorbent which brings about tiie change of electric and physics characteristics of the latter. Various models of absorption-induced response of electric and physics characteristics of semiconductor adsorbent are considered. Results of numerous physical and chemical experiments carried out by the authors of this book and by other scientists underlying the method of semiconductor sensors are scrupulously discussed. The possibility of qualitative measurements of ultra-small concentrations of molecules, atoms, radicals as well as excited particles in gases, liquids and on surfaces of solids (adsorbents and catalysts) is demonstrated. 

In Chapter 3 we briefly outline the methods of manufacturing of sensitive elements of semiconductor sensors in order to proceed with the studies of several physical and chemical processes in gases, liquids as well as on the surface of solids. Here we show the peculiarity of preparation of these elements depending on objective pursued and operation conditions. We outline the detection methods (kinetic and stationary), their peculiarities and advantages of their application in various physical and chemical systems. 

Chapter 4 deals with several physical and chemical processes featuring various types of active particles to be detected by semiconductor sensors. The most important of them are recombination of atoms and radicals, pyrolysis of simple molecules on hot filaments, photolysis in gaseous phase and in absorbed layer as well as separate stages of several catalytic heterogeneous processes developing on oxides. In this case semiconductor adsorbents play a two-fold role they are acting botii as catalysts and as sensitive elements, i.e. sensors in respect to intermediate active particles appearing on the surface of catalyst in the course of development of catal rtic process. 

Physical and chemical basics of the method of semiconductor sensors... 

Even listing all above problems and requirements leading to their solution indicates that development of the method of semiconductor chemical sensors opens a wide research domain. In order to resolve this problems and implement all capabilities of the method of semiconductor sensors there are two ways now the old trial and error approach and approach related to further studies of physical and chemical properties of surface phenomena, reactions and processes underlying this method. It is quite clear that the second approach is more promising in order to obtain semiconductor sensors designed for the use in accurate scientific studies and for practical gas analysis. 

Semiconductor Sensors in Physico-Chemical Studies L.Yu. Kupriyanov (Editor) 1996 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 

A detailed description of analytical techniques is given in a number of original articles and books [3]. We will focus our interest on comparison of capacities of the mentioned physical and chemical methods with those of semiconductor detectors (SCD) or semiconductor sensors (SCS). These detectors are growing popular in experimental studies. They are unique from the stand-point of their application in various branches of chemistry, physics, and biology. They are capable of solving numerous engineering, environmental and other problems. 

In this part we dwell on the properties of the simplest radicals and atoms in the adsorbed layer of oxide semiconductors as well as analyse the quantitative relationships between concentrations of these particles both in gaseous and liquid phases and on oxide surfaces (mostly for ZnO), and effect of former parameters on electrophysical parameters. Note that describing these properties we pursue only one principal objective, i. e. to prove the existence of a reliable physical and physical-chemical basis for a further development and application of semiconductor sensors in systems and processes which involve active particles emerging on the surface either as short-lived intermediate formations, or are emitted as free particles from the surface into the environment (heterogeno-homogeneous processes). 

Application of semiconductor sensors in experimental investigation of physical - chemical processes... 

Application of semiconductor sensors for measuring concentration of active particles in solids is of great interest for studies of peculiarities of the physical-chemical processes in real solids (for example, in polymers) involving free atoms and radicals. 

Application of Semiconductor Sensors in Investigation of Radiation and Plasma Chemical Processes... 

Using several physical and chemical techniques typical for the method of semiconductor sensors one can identify emitted particles. 

Volume 3 Intelligent Sensors (edited by H. Yamasaki) Volume 4 Semiconductor Sensors in Physico-Chemical Studies (edited by L. Yu. Kupriyanov)... 

We are pleased to present to you this book on Semiconductor Sensors in Physico-Chemical Studies, edited by Dr. Leonid Kupriyanov of the Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry in Moscow. Translated from Russian by a professional translator, the prose still retains some of its local flavour although, we trust, it is clearly understandable throughout. 

The monograph is devoted to scientific basis of semiconductor chemical sensors technique. Its attention is focused at the usage of semiconductor sensors in the precision physico-chemical studies. The monograph expounds physical and chemical basis underlying the semiconductor sensor method, discusses the mechanism of processes occurring under interaction of gas with semiconductor adsorbent surface, leading to changed electrophysical parameters of the latter. 

Yamazoe, N. Miura, N. Some Basic Aspects of Semiconductor Gas Sensors. Chemical Sensor Technology, Vol. 4, Ed. Yamauchi, S., Kodansha Ltd. Tokyo,... 

G. Heiland and D. Kohl. Physical and Chemical Aspects of Oxidic Semiconductor Gas Sensors , Chemical Sensor Technology, T. Seiyama, (Ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands (1988). 

Morrison, S.R. (1994) Chemical sensors. In S.M. Sze (Ed.) Semiconductor Sensors. Wiley. Nguyen, V.C. and Potje-Kamloth, K. (1999) Thin Solid Films 338, 142. 

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