Semi-permeable membrane devices SPMDs

USE OF SEMI PERMEABLE MEMBRANE DEVICES (SPMDs) TO INDOOR AIR MONITORING OF PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES... 

The most widely employed techniques for the extraction of water samples for triazine compounds include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), and liquid-solid extraction (LSE). Although most reports involving SPE are off-line procedures, there is increasing interest and subsequently increasing numbers of reports regarding on-line SPE, the goal of which is to improve overall productivity and safety. To a lesser extent, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), supercritical fluid extraction (SEE), semi-permeable membrane device (SPMD), and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) techniques have been reported. 

Booij, K. and van Drooge, B.L. 2001, Polychlorinated biphenyls andhexachlorobenzene in atmosphere, sea-surface microlayer, and water measured widi semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs). Chemosphere 44 91—98. 

Richardson, B.J. Zheng, G.J. Tse, E.S.C. De Luca-Abbott, S.B. Siu, S.Y.M, Lam, P.K.S. 2003, A comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and petroleum hydrocarbon uptake by mussels (Pema viridis) and semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) in Hong Kong Coastal Waters. Environ. Pollut. 122 223-227. 

Pema viridis) and semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) in Hong Kong Coastal Waters. Emiron. Pollut. 122 223—227. 

Prest, H.F., Richardson, B.J., Jacobson, L.A., Vedder, J., Martin, M., 1995. Monitoring organochlorines with semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) in Corio Bay, Victoria, Australia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 30, 543-554. 

Collection of analytes from a stream of gas on a sorbent bed and their release by thermal decomposition priori to the final determination stage, Membrane Extraction with Sorbent ) Interface - MESI), (Hollow Fiber Sampling Analysis -HFSA), (On-line Membrane Extraction Microtrap -OLME), (Membrane Purge and Trap - MPT), (Pulse Introduction Membrane Extraction - PIME), (Semi Permeable Membrane Devices - SPMD)... 

Lohmann, R., Corrigan, B.P., Howsam, M., Jones, K.C., Ockenden, W.A. (2001). Further developments in the use of semi permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers for persistent organic pollutants field application in a spatial survey of PCDD/Fs and PAHs. Environmental Science Technology, 35,2576-2582. 

Most of the passive air sampling measurements have been performed using semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) [80,108,109], polyurethane foam disks (PUFs) [79,110-112] and XAD resins [113], which can be exposed over the period of several weeks or months. 

Y. Lu and Z. Wang, Accumulation of organochlorinated pesticides by triolein-containing semi-permeable membrane device (triolein-SPMD) and rainbow trout. Water Res. 37 (2003) 2419-2425. 

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