Self-assembled monolayers preparation

Appelhans D, Ferse D, Adler HJP, Plieth W, Fikus A, Grundke K, Schmitt FJ, Bayer T, Adolphi B (2000) Self-assembled monolayers prepared from (B-thiophene-functionalized n-alkyltrichlorosilane on silicon substrates. Colloids Surf A 161 203-212... 

U. K. Sur, V. Lakshminarayanan, A study of the hydrophobic properties of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers prepared in different solvents, J. Electroanal. Chem. 565 (2004) 343-350. 

The expectation of the structural dependence of lubrication motivated great numbers of investigations that intended to prepare and use highly ordered organic films, such as the Langmuir-Blodgett (L-B) hlms and Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs), as solid lubricant, which will be discussed more specihcally in Section 4. 

For transition and precious metals, thiols have been successfully employed as the stabilizing reagent (capping reagent) of metal nanoparticles [6]. In such cases, various functionalities can be added to the particles and the obtained nanoparticles may be very unique. It is well known that thiols provide good self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on various metal surfaces. When this SAM technique is applied to the nanoparticle preparation, nanoparticles can be covered constantly by functionalized moieties, which are connected to the terminal of thiol compounds. 

Pham T., Jackson J.B., Halas N.J., Lee T.R., Preparation and characterization of gold nanoshells coated with self-assembled monolayers, Langmuir 2002 18 4915-4920. 

Zhu T., Yu H.Z., Wang J., Wang Y.Q., Cai S.M., Liu Z.F., Two-dimensional surface enhanced Raman mapping of differently prepared gold substrates with an azobenzene self-assembled monolayer, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1997 265 334-340. 

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols, HS(CH2)nX, where X denotes various functional groups, are frequently used to prepare model surfaces [3-6]. Alkanethiols or alkanedisulfides chemisorb from a solution onto a surface coated... 

Houseman BT, Gawalt ES, Mrksich M (2003) Maleimide-functionalized self-assembled monolayers for the preparation of peptide and carbohydrate biochips. Langmuir 19 1522-1531... 

Coupling of affinity molecules to surfaces also can be enhanced by the use of discrete PEG linkers. Nishimura et al. (2005) modified an amino surface with a NHS-PEG -maleimide crosslinker to create a hydrophilic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surface that was thiol reactive for the conjugation of sulfhydryl-modified RNAs. This array then was used to investigate the binding specificity of synthetic kanamycins with selected RNA sequences to prove the specific interaction of ribosomal RNA with this molecule. The PEG linkers on surfaces provide lower nonspecific binding character than alkyl linkers, when preparing SAM surfaces for affinity interactions. 

As the analytical, synthetic, and physical characterization techniques of the chemical sciences have advanced, the scale of material control moves to smaller sizes. Nanoscience is the examination of objects—particles, liquid droplets, crystals, fibers—with sizes that are larger than molecules but smaller than structures commonly prepared by photolithographic microfabrication. The definition of nanomaterials is neither sharp nor easy, nor need it be. Single molecules can be considered components of nanosystems (and are considered as such in fields such as molecular electronics and molecular motors). So can objects that have dimensions of >100 nm, even though such objects can be fabricated—albeit with substantial technical difficulty—by photolithography. We will define (somewhat arbitrarily) nanoscience as the study of the preparation, characterization, and use of substances having dimensions in the range of 1 to 100 nm. Many types of chemical systems, such as self-assembled monolayers (with only one dimension small) or carbon nanotubes (buckytubes) (with two dimensions small), are considered nanosystems. 

C. Yan, M. Zhamikov, A. Golzhauser, and M. Grunze, Preparation and characterization of self-assembled monolayers on indium tin oxide, Langmuir, 16 6208-6215, 2000. 

Zhao, S-Y et al., Preparation, phase transfer, and self-assembled monolayers of cubic Pt nanoparticles, Langmuir, 18, 3315,2002. 

Fig. 14. Hyperbranched polymer grafts prepared on a mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) self assembled monolayer confined to a gold substrate. PAAM-c-PAA represents a random copolymer of poly(acrylamide) and poly(acrylic acid) prepared from the poly(acrylic acid) carboxylic acid groups and an amine [129]...

In the second part of this Chapter the thickness of the organic layer under discussion is slightly increased and a closer look at recent developments of more complex surface-bonded systems involving polymers is outlined. Despite the introduction of flexible polymer chains, the surface coating should still be defined and uncontrolled heterogeneities minimized. Here, especially, polymer brush-type layers where self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are used as two-dimensional template systems for the preparation of well-defined surface coatings will be subject of a more detailed discussion. 

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