Self-assembled gold electrode

Dong et al. [124] described an immunosensor for staphylococcal enter-otoxin Cl (SECl), using an electrochemical self-assembled gold electrode. The set-up comprises a three-electrode system and a layer of antibody to SECl, which is detected electrochemically at a constant antibody concentration. Fourier transform spectroscopy was used to confirm the adsorption of the SECl antibody onto the gold electrode and the association of SECl antigen and antibody. 

Mei Niu, L., Qun Luo, H., Bing Li, N. (2006). Electrochemical Behavior of Epinephrine at a Meso-2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Self-Assembled Gold Electrode and Its Analytical Application. Analytical Letters, 39(1), 145-159. doi 10.1080/00032710500423468... 

Wan, Q., Yang, N., and Ye, Y., 2002. Electrochemical behavior of thiamine on a self-assembled gold electrode and its square-wave voltammetric determination in pharmaceutical preparations. Analytical Science. 18 413-416. 

Mohadesi A, Taher MA (2007) Voltammetric determination of Cu(II) in natural waters and human hair at a meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid self-assembled gold electrode. Talanta 72 95-100... 

Ballarin B, Cassani MC, Scavetta E, Tonelli D (2008) Self-assembled gold nanoparticles modified ITO electrodes the monolayer binder molecule effect. Electrochim Acta 53(27) 8034-8044... 

Formation of monolayers by self-assembly at electrode surfaces has been widely used in recent years. How to bind molecules on electrode surfaces has been studied extensively among electrochemists since mid-1970s, and is called chemical modification of electrode surfaces [283-285]. More recently, chemisorbed ordered organic monolayers on gold, silver, and oxides have been studied extensively and are called sdfassemhled monolayers (SAMs) [286-289]. SAMs are... 

On detailed electrical characteristics of a SET transistor utilizing charging effects on metal nanoclusters were reported by Sato et al. [26]. A self-assembled chain of colloidal gold nanoparticles was connected to metal electrodes, which were formed by electron-beam lithography. The cross-linking of the particles as well as their connection to the electrodes results from a linkage by bifunctional organic molecules, which present the tunnel barriers. 

Figure 9. SET transistor, based on self-assembling of gold nanoclusters on electrodes fabricated by electron-beam epitaxy. (Reprinted with permission from Ref [26], 1997, American Institute of Physics.)...

A similar route has been followed most recently by Weiss et al. who have fabricated a multi-island SE device from self-assembled ID gold nanocrystal chains [28]. They assembled thiol-stabilized 50 nm Au particles in a chainlike structure and used subsequently electron-beam lithography for electrode fabrication. Here it has to be... 

Gold electrodes coated by nanostructured self-assembled monolayer of TMPP and Cl2 are used as template for in situ synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (Figure 2). 

The innate sensitivity of DNA-mediated CT to perturbations in the TT-stack has prompted us to employ this chemistry as a probe of stacking structure and dynamics. We have developed a new class of DNA-based diagnostic tools that diagnose DNA mutations such as single base-pair mismatches and lesions, analyze DNA-protein interactions, and probe the sequence-depen-dent dynamics and flexibility of DNA. These applications rely on electrochemical probing of CT in DNA films self-assembled on gold electrodes. 

FossBJ, Ion A, Partali V, Sliwka HR, and BanicaFG. 2006b. Electrochemical and EQCM investigation of a selenium derivatized carotenoid in the self-assembled state at a gold electrode. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 593(1-2) 15-28. 

M. Akram, M.C. Stuart, and D.K.Y. Wong, Direct application strategy to immobilize a thioctic acid self-assembled monolayer on a gold electrode. Anal. Chim. Acta 504, 243-251 (2004). 

Y. Tian, L. Mao, T. Okajima, and T. Ohsaka, Electrochemistry and electrocatalytic activities of superoxide dismutases at gold electrodes modified with a self-assembled monolayer. Anal. Chem. 76, 4162-4168 (2004). 

Moreover, it has been demonstrated that CNTs promote the direct electrochemistry of enzymes. Dong and coworkers have reported the direct electrochemistry of microperoxidase 11 (MP-11) using CNT-modified GC electrodes [101] and layer-by-layer self-assembled films of chitosan and CNTs [102], The immobilized MP-11 has retained its bioelectrocatalytic activity for the reduction of H202 and 02, which can be used in biosensors or biofuel cells. The direct electrochemistry of catalase at the CNT-modified gold and GC electrodes has also been reported [103-104], The electron transfer rate involving the heme Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple for catalase on the CNT-modified electrode is much faster than that on an unmodified electrode or other... 

Layer-by-layer Ru3 cluster-based multilayers were fabricated onto preorganized self-assembled monolayer gold electrode surfaces by Abe et al. [15], in which [Ru3(q3-0)( i-0Ac)6(4,4/-bpy)2(C0)] was utilized as the synthetic precursor. The stepwise connection of oxo-centered triruthenium cluster units onto the gold electrode surface is a feasible approach for construction of Ru3 cluster-based oligomers on a solid surface, in which the bridging ligand 4,4 -bipyridine appears to mediate weak cluster-cluster electronic interaction between the Ru3 cluster centers. 

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