Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors monoamine oxidase

Tricyclics Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Monoamine oxidase inhibitors... 

Sumatriptan should be avoided by patients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, moclobemide, St John s wort... 

Treatment of Major Depression. Dmgs commonly used for the treatment of depressive disorders can be classified heuristicaHy iato two main categories first-generation antidepressants with the tricycHc antidepressants (TCAs) and the irreversible, nonselective monoamine—oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, and second-generation antidepressants with the atypical antidepressants, the reversible inhibitors of monoamine—oxidase A (RIMAs), and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Table 4 fists the available antidepressants. 

MDMA overdose as well as the concomitant consumption of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) with other dmgs that exert serotoninergic effects (such as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase) can rapidly lead to the serotonin syndrome. Its symptoms, which are reversible upon cessation, of the drug include confusion, muscle rigidity in the lower limbs, and hyperthermia suggesting an acute reaction to serotonin overflow in the CNS. Blocking the function of SERT outside the brain causes side effects (e.g., nausea), which may be due to elevated 5HT however , impairment of transporter function is not equivalent to direct activation of 5HT recqrtors in causing adverse effects such as fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. 

MAOa Monoamine oxidase type A NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors... 

MAOI, monoamine oxidase inhibitor SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor TCA, tricyclic antidepressant. 

MAOI, monoamine oxidase inhibitor SARI, serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor SNRI, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor TCA, tricyclic antidepressant. 

Tricyclic antidepressants Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Antipsychotics Phenothiazines Risperidone Lithium... 

Dizziness, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and lethargy are all relatively common adverse events. These effects are more pronounced for several days after initiation and following upward dose titration. Seizures have been reported rarely the risk is dose-related and appears to increase with concomitant use of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Tramadol should be avoided in patients receiving monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors because tramadol inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. 

There are numerous antidepressant medications on the market (table 7.1). Following development of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors were tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and several atypical antidepressants (Baldessarini 1996). Successive generations of antidepressants have not necessarily become more effective in treating depression, but rather offer more favorable side-effect profiles—a crucial factor in effective clinical pharmacotherapy. An effective medication is not useful if its side effects are intolerable. 

Harmala alkaloids are potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (Callaway and Grob 1998). Thus, if combined with other antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, there is potential for serious side effects. Harmaline or its metabolites also cross the placental barrier (Okonmah et al. 1988). 

Listing of antidepressants in traditional groupings. Abbreviations TCAs = tricyclic antidepressants MAOls = monoamine oxidase inhibitors SSRls = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. 

Serendipity has played a major role in the discovery of most classes of psychotropic drugs. For example, the observation that the first antidepressants, the tricyclic antidepressants and the monoamine oxidase inhibitors, impeded the reuptake of biogenic amines into brain slices, or inhibited their metabolism, following their acute administration to rats, provided the experimenter with a mechanism that could be easily investigated in vitro. Such methods led to the development of numerous antidepressants that differed in their potency, and to some extent in their side effects (for example, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) but did little to further the development of novel antidepressants showing greater therapeutic efficacy. The accidental discovery of atypical antidepressants such as mianserin led to the broadening of the basis of the animal models... 

Obsessive compulsive disorder in an 8-year-old can be treated using fluvoxamine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SSRI). It is usually administered initially os 25 mg daily, and increased if necessary in steps of 25 mg every 4-7 days to a maximum of 200 mg daily. If there is no improvement within 10 weeks, treatment should be reconsidered. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor should not be started until 2 weeks after stopping a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOl), and conversely a MAOl should not be started until at least a week after an SSRI has been stopped. 

The triptans should be used with caution in patients on lithium, monoamine oxidase inhibitors or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, due to the rare occurrence of the serotonin syndrome. 

The growth during the 1990s in the use of antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), for the treatment of anxiety disorders represented a major advance in the pharmacotherapy of anxiety. The efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) had been established alongside their antidepressantw actions several decades... 

In contrast, a less extensive but still convincing database has identified important clinical differences in efficacy for antidepressants used to treat patients with atypical or comorbid depression. Individuals with atypical depression (distinct quality of mood, hyperphagia, hypersomnia, psychomotor retardation, rejection sensitivity, and such unusual atypical features as chocolate craving] have superior responses to monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs], selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and perhaps venlafaxine, and most do not respond well to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs] (Davidson et al. 1982 Liebowitz et al. 1988 Quitkin et al. 1988, 1991). Despite these data, TCAs unfortunately have been the first choice for most atypical patients until SSRIs were introduced. 

Note. L=liquid CR=controlled release SR=sustained-release XR=extended-release soltab=orally disintegrating tablets MAOI=monoamine oxidase inhibitor MAO A=monoamine oxidase A SSRI=selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SNRI=sCTotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. 

Note. ECT=electroconvulsive therapy OCD=obsessive-compulsive disorder SSRI=selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor TCA=tricyclic antidepressant MAOI=monoamine oxidase inhibitor. 

Note. SSRIs=selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors TCAs=tricyclic antidepressants MAOIs=monoamine oxidase inhibitors. 

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