Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors administration

The effects of acute administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on sleep have been studied in laboratory animals, healthy... 

Serendipity has played a major role in the discovery of most classes of psychotropic drugs. For example, the observation that the first antidepressants, the tricyclic antidepressants and the monoamine oxidase inhibitors, impeded the reuptake of biogenic amines into brain slices, or inhibited their metabolism, following their acute administration to rats, provided the experimenter with a mechanism that could be easily investigated in vitro. Such methods led to the development of numerous antidepressants that differed in their potency, and to some extent in their side effects (for example, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) but did little to further the development of novel antidepressants showing greater therapeutic efficacy. The accidental discovery of atypical antidepressants such as mianserin led to the broadening of the basis of the animal models... 

Clear abnormalities of the dopamine system have not been identified in the periphery or the brain of OCD patients. Nevertheless, repetitive stereotypies and OCD-like behaviors can be produced in humans by the administration of exogenous D2 agonist or stimulants, which suggests that the dopaminergic system may be involved in some way in OCD. Conversely, antipsy-chotics can be used adjunctively in the treatment of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRl)-resistant OCD patients with a definite benefit in a significant proportion of patients. 

TABLE 22.1 Food and Drug Administration-Approved Indications for Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Agents... 

FDA, Food and Drug Administration GAD, general anxiety disorder OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder PMDD, Premenstrual dysphoric disorder PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder SRI, serotonin reuptake inhibitor SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. 

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRls) have received increased attention in the treatment of anxiety disorders. With the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of fluoxetine and fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, it has been made clear that this... 

Sertraline hydrochloride is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for oral administration. It is chemically unrelated to other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic, tetracyclic, or other available antidepressant agents. It is supplied in a multidose 60-mL bottle. Each milliliter of... 

We recently investigated whether the administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluvoxamine, could interfere with the sleep patterns induced after TED. In this double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study, 12 healthy male volunteers aged 18-40 years were assigned to two treatment conditions tryptophan or sham depletion and fluvoxamine or placebo. During each session, separated by a 2-day wash-out period, subjects took either fluvoxamine or placebo and either tryptophan... 

Hajos M, Gartside SE, Sharp T. Inhibition of median and dorsal raphe neurones following administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine. Naunyn-Schmiedeberqs Arch Pharmacol 1995 351 624-629. 

Bhagwagar Z, Wylezinska M, Taylor M, Jezzard P, Matthews PM, Cowen PJ. Increased brain GABA concentrations following acute administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Am J Psychiatry 2004 161(2) 368-370. 

Deletion of the 5-HT1A receptor leads to enhanced extracellular 5-HT levels in response to systemic administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors... 

Sivakumaran T, Hayes J, McPhee S. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of combined administration of lithium and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors a review of the current evidence. Hertfordshire Neuroscience Research Group. Int Clin Psychopharmacol... 

Estrogen is more effective than any other therapy in relieving vasomotor symptoms, and aU types and routes of systemic administration are equally effective in a dose-dependent fashion. If treatment can be tapered and stopped within 5 years, no evidence of increased risk of breast cancer is seen. Alternatives to estrogen for hot flushes are shown in Table 31-6. Progesterone alone may be an option in women with a history of breast cancer or venous thrombosis, but side effects limit their use. For women with contraindications to hormone therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine are considered by some to be first-line therapy, but efficacy of venlafaxine beyond 12 weeks has not been shown. 

As regards the antinociceptive potency of 5-HT at supraspinal level, the results are controversial. Serotoninergicic deficiency is a common factor both in mental depression and chronic pain. It is well known that antidepressants, including the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, have antinociceptive effects after systemic or ICV administration (Nayebi et al., 2001 Singh et al., 2001). Increased levels of... 

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