Selected interventions elements

Where industrial problems vary by activity, policy must vary too selective intervention is an essential element of industrial poUcy. ball and Wangwe (1997) argued this point nearly 20 years ago it remains true today that distinct sectoral problems require distinctive sectoral solutions. Pharmaceuticals share characteristics with Tanzania-based industry generally but also face characteristic challenges (see also Chapter 1). Furthermore, some of the firms problems, as the manufacturer quoted above implies, are policy-based and distinctive to the pharmaceutical and medical supplies sectors. Furthermore, clusters of firms create mutual benefits in terms of knowledge flows and spill-overs (Nadvi and Haider, 2007 Page, 2012 see also Chapter 2), and Tanzania risks losing these benefits as the number of firms falls. Turnaround for this sector needs to be policy-led. 

The rhetorical questions and the compression of De Quincey s elements undoubtedly makes Baudelaire s version more striking and the rhythm of his style more varied. The two passages quoted above are just selected examples of a very recurrent feature of Baudelaire s rewriting of De Quincey s prose in order to make it more direct. Yet the range of Baudelaire s narratorial interventions is wider than mere stylistic changes. Baudelaire creates in his text a sense of progression - perhaps even of suspense - through the order in which he re-tells De Quincey s story. 

In a PMS at the project level, a detailed functional and structural evaluation of the pavement sections is conducted, the causes of deterioration are identified, followed by the selection of the appropriate intervention (routine maintenance, maintenance, rehabilitation or reconstruction). Figure 17.1 illustrates the elements contained in a PMS at the project level. 

The implementation of bundles containing various key interventions for infection prevention as discussed earlier has been advocated by the CDC initiative for reducing CLABSl in HD patients (table 2). The implementation of these key interventions or select elements thereof in a bundled approach has been shown to reduce CLABSl rates by 21-100% [5, 26, 27]. 

On the basis of the recommendations of the so-called World report on road traffic injury reduction of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank (Peden et al., 2004), five pillars were introduced into the Action Plan of the United Nations Decade of Action for Road Safety. Three dimensions were selected on which interventions could be structured the first comprises system elements (roads, vehicles, users) the second is one phase of the crash process as used for example in the Haddon matrix (only post-crash phase is used, but not pre-aash and crash ) and, finally, road safety management, which is another and third dimension (Figure 22.6). 

A motor carrier s safety performance is measured through the data that has been uploaded from motor carrier compliance activities and crash reports. This measurement results in a safety evaluation and coidd, in turn, result in the selection of an intervention. An intervention, such as the off-site investigation, is selected for the propose of improving safety performance. In addition, the safety measru-ement resrdts in a safety fitness determination for the carrier. Another major element of the model is COMPASS, FMCSA s information technology modernization initiative. 

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