Haddon matrix

On the basis of the recommendations of the so-called World report on road traffic injury reduction of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank (Peden et al., 2004), five pillars were introduced into the Action Plan of the United Nations Decade of Action for Road Safety. Three dimensions were selected on which interventions could be structured the first comprises system elements (roads, vehicles, users) the second is one phase of the crash process as used for example in the Haddon matrix (only post-crash phase is used, but not pre-aash and crash ) and, finally, road safety management, which is another and third dimension (Figure 22.6). 

The Haddon matrix, the above formula, and also the five pillars of the 2004 World report illustrate clearly that road safety covers an immense area from land-use planning to transport and infrastructural planning, from road design to the execution of road audits, from legislation for speeds, alcohol, drugs and police enforcement of... 

All of these changes occurred because of two significant evolutionary processes. The first is the introduction of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in the form of interactive in-vehicle and infrastructure based systems that alert the driver to dangerous conditions and to the status of his or her own vehicle. The second is the expansion of the environment beyond the immediate roadway and its structures to include the prevailing culture, and even the impact of alternative modes of transportation and organizational climate within which safety is treated. The rest of this chapter is devoted to a discussion of safety measures that seem to be effective in improving traffic safety in each of the newly expanded domains listed in the modified Haddon Matrix. 

Table 18-L A modified Haddon Matrix of means of increasing safety in terms of crash prevention, injury prevention, and injury reduction in the broader context of the social environment.

The pioneering work of the public health specialist William Haddon Jr. brought the epidemiological discipline of host, agent, and environment and the time frames of before, during, and after the crash to the search for preventive measures in traffic safety, and the Haddon matrix revolutionised the way traffic safety professionals thought about both causes and interventions. An example is depicted in Table 5.1 of ways in which measures to help prevent—or minimise injury in—single-vehicle run-off-road crashes into fixed objects. Only one of the several potential measures in each box of the matrix is shown. Once all potential measures were conceived in a... 

Mandrell RE, Harden LA, Bates A, Miller WG, Haddon WE, Fagerquist CK. Speciation of Campylobacter coli, C. j uni, C. helveticus, C. lari, C. sputorum, and C. upsaliensis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 71 6292-307. 

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