Polychaete worm

Figure 4. Worm-hunting and snail-hunting Conus, (a) The ver-mivorous species Conus brunneus about to sting its polychaete worm prey, (b) The molluscivorous species Conus dalli stinging the snail prey, Columhella. Both Conus species were collected in the Gulf of California. Photographs by Alex Kerstitch.

Polychaete worms belonging to the genera Nereis and Scolecolepides have extensive metabolic potential. Nereis virens is able to metabolize PCBs (McElroy and Means 1988) and a nnmber of PAHs (McElroy 1990), while N. diversicolor and Scolecolepides viridis are able to metabolize benzo[a]pyrene (Driscoll and McElroy 1996). It is worth noting that apart from excretion of the toxicant, polar, and mnch more water-soluble metabolites such as the glycosides formed from pyrene by Porcellio sp. (Larsen et al. 1998) may be mobile in the interstitial water of the sediment phase. 

Driscoll SK, AE McElroy (1996) Bioaccumulation and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in three species of polychaete worms. Environ Toxicol Chem 15 1401-1410. 

Army. 1994. Development of a chronic sublethal bioassay for evaluating contaminated sediment with the marine polychaete worm Nereis (Neanthes) arenaceodentata. Vicksburg, MS U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station Environmental Laboratory. Miscellaneous Paper D-94-5. 

Sandworm, Nereis diversicolor, whole British Columbia various locations Polychaete worms, 3 species whole California... 

Polychaete worm, Neanthes arenaceodentata Amphipod 435 LC50 (96 h) 1... 

Anderson, S.L., F.L. Harrison, G. Chan, and D.H. Moore II. 1990. Comparison of cellular and whole-animal bioassays for estimation of radiation effects in the polychaete worm Neanthes arenaceodentata (Poly-chaeta). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 19 164-174. 

Annelida Polychaete worms, Earthworms Lectins, PO, NK cells, haemolysins... 

Although there is evidence for preferential biological availability of 238Pu over 239 + 240 jn terrestrial and aquatic organisms, Beasley and Fowler (172) found no evidence for such differential accumulation in polychaete worms. 

The histidine derivatives, l-methyl-5-thiolhistidine (639) and its disulfide (640) were isolated from unfertilised eggs of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus [507] and from those of other echinoderms [508]. Their structures were revised after an unambiguous synthesis [509]. L-Ovothiol A disulfide (640) was also shown to be the egg release pheromone of the marine polychaete worm Platynereis dumerilii [510]. 

Resting Membrane Potential A variety of unusual invertebrates, including giant clams, mussels, and polychaete worms, live on the fringes of hydrothermal vents on the ocean bottom, where the temperature is 60 °C. 

Gardner, W. S., Lee, R. F., Tenore, K. R. Smith, L. W. (1979). Degradation of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments importance of microbes and polychaete worms. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 11, 339—47. 

Herbivores in the sea are phylogenetically more diverse than on land. Seaweeds are eaten by diverse vertebrate ectotherms and an array of invertebrate consumers that vary both in their selectivity and in their impact on algae. Vertebrate herbivores are comprised of various fish families and species, as well as some turtles.24 111 120 125 Invertebrate herbivores span at least four different phyla and include an array of gastropods (such as snails, limpets, sacoglossans, sea hares, cephalaspideans, and chitons), urchins, crabs, amphipods, isopods, shrimps, polychaete worms, copepods, and a few insect species that feed on algae living in the upper littoral zone.24 110 123 126-135... 

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