Sediment pollution

Sediment pollution. The concentrations of pollutants in the dated sediment cores have been determined in our laboratory by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Donazzolo et al. (15) and Pavoni et al. (16) reported mainly heavy metal concentrations. Marcomini et al. (17) and Pavoni et al. (18) discussed the concentration profiles of organic pollutants such as chlorinated hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 

Srinath T, Verma T, Ramteke PW, Garg SK (2002) Chromium biosorption and bioaccumulation by chromate resistant bacteria. Chemosphere 48 427-435 Stephen JR, Macnaughton SJ (1999) Developments in terrestrial bacterial remediation of metals. Curr Opinion Biotechnol 10 230-233 Tabak HH, Lens P, van Hullebusch ED, Dejonghe W (2005) Developments in bioremediation of soils and sediments polluted with metals and radionuclides 1. Microbial processes and mechanisms affecting bioremediation of metal contamination and influencing metal toxicity and transport. Rev Environ Sci Bio/Technol. 4 115-156... 

Degetto S, Schintu M, Contu A, Sbrignadello G (1997) Santa Gilla lagoon (Italy) a mercury sediment pollution case study. Contamination assessment and restoration of the site. Sci Total Environ 204 49-56... 

The effects of Flix sediment pollution on invertebrates were examined at two levels. Local populations of zebra mussels and crayfish (P. clarkii) were sampled right over the Flix residue sediment, across the reservoir, in a meander immediately downstream the dam and in Asco, in addition to the Riba-roja reference site (Fig. 5a, b). Results from a battery of biochemical biomarkers (Fig. 5c) were similar... 

As a response, a policy framework was developed and introduced in 1986, with an update for the remediation of contaminated sites in 1994, the so-called Soil Protection Act (SPA). The main purpose was to establish the accountability of individuals in contributing to soil and sediment pollution, and to include the question of financial responsibility. In the SPA, the aim to preserve soil quality has a functional basis the quality of the soil is important due to the functional properties of soil. It is not stated explicitly but it can be assumed that the organisms responsible for soil functions have to be protected. In the SPA, soil and freshwater sediment are considered to be closely linked environmental compartments that require a uniform framework for protection and remediation. 

Site-specific assessments of the in situ risks of sediment pollution in The Netherlands are carried out mainly in freshwater systems. The in situ BEBA is then part of a broader evaluation of the risks caused by sediment pollution, aimed at the question of whether the risks make sediment remediation necessary. For this evaluation, a tiered approach is followed ... 

From the perspective of the EU Water Framework Directive, which focuses primarily on water quality, it is expected that sediment quality assessment will be employed primarily as a diagnostic tool, in case the question is raised of whether sediment pollution should be held responsible for not meeting ecological water quality criteria. 

A UN-ECE Protocol of heavy metal atmospheric emissions control was signed in 1998. This document designated cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) as first priority toxic elements. In point of fact the Protocol, in contrast to others as far as the water, soil or sediment pollution with heavy metal is concerned, is the unique Screen of atmosphere protection. Legislation does not yet exist for other elements with respect to defining the atmospherie pollution by heavy metals. It is left to each country to respect and to protect the atmosphere from pollution through heavy metals. 

What is the state of sediment pollution of all waterways and what kind of contamination is known, currently and in the past ... 

Phosphates, nitrates, sediments and pesticides are all-important agricultural pollutants of the Baltic and North-East Atlantic ecoregions, areas of priority concern and action for WWF. These problems and the evidence for organic agriculture s contribution to their solution are provided in the sections of this paper dealing with water and with sediment pollution of the Meso-American Reef... 

Renberg, I. M. Wik, 1985b. Carbonaceous particles in lake sediments-pollutants from fossil-fuel combustion. Ambio. 14 161-163. 

The book contains six chapters covering different aspects of the research on contaminated sediments such as its influence on the sustainable use of the Planet, the fate and behavior of typical sediment pollutants like polycyclic... 

Pollutant cadmium in water may arise from mining wastes and industrial discharges, especially from metal plating. Chemically, cadmium is very similar to zinc, and these two metals frequently undergo geochemical processes together. Both metals are found in water in the +2 oxidation state. Cadmium and zinc are common water and sediment pollutants in harbors surrounded by industrial installations. Concentrations of more than 100 ppm dry mass of sediment have been found in harbor sediments. 

Fig. 4. Places with the highest level of the sediments pollution...

---