Secondary effects, definition

Calcium and magnesium deficiency also occur in some patients with the malabsorption syndrome and this may lead to tetany or bone changes. Low blood calcium levels may result from decreased absorption associated with lack of effective compensatory parathyroid activity. In patients in whom secondary hyperparathyroidism is effective, extensive loss of calcium from the bones may occur. The cause of the defective absorption of calcium in patients of the sprue group is complex and not yet fully understood (B3, Dl, Jl, M7, Nl). It is important that complications such as calcium or magnesium deficiency should be corrected before the final steps of definitive diagnosis are attempted. If this is not done, the secondary effects may obscure the results of other tests. 

Kinetic complexity definition, 43 Klinman s approach, 46 Kinetic isotope effects, 28 for 2,4,6-collidine, 31 a-secondary, 35 and coupled motion, 35, 40 in enzyme-catalyzed reactions, 35 as indicators of quantum tunneling, 70 in multistep enzymatic reactions, 44-45 normal temperature dependence, 37 Northrop notation, 45 Northrop s method of calculation, 55 rule of geometric mean, 36 secondary effects and transition state, 37 semiclassical treatment for hydrogen transfer,... 

Since the moment of inertia ratio will be nearly unity, the major source of the isotope effect at a given energy is the activated complex ratio. A pure intramolecular statistical secondary effect can scarcely arise, since by definition no net differential effect on the competing reaction coordinates arises due to isotopic substitution. However, in practice, small mechanistic effects mentioned earlier can exist for isotopic substitution which preferentially affects one of the competing bond-rupture sites. 

An examination of the table shows that, to a first approximation, the internuclear distance for each kind of bond remains fairly constant throughout a wide variety of molecules in which the secondary effects which we will mention later are absent. By kind of bond we mean a bond of definite multiplicity, i.e. single, double, or triple, between a given pair of atoms. Thus the... 

Patient decontamination, which Hazmat teams have to undertake much less often than technical decon, is to be performed when the contaminant poses a further risk to the patient or a secondary risk to response personnel. Fire and EMS publications frequently describe how patient decontamination can be done, but few of the recommendations are based on empirical research. Because little scientific documentation exists for when and how patient decontamination should be performed expeditiously and cost effectively, prehospital and hospital providers are left to doing what they think is right, rather than doing what has been proven to work best. Generally, the process involves three stages gross, secondary, and definitive decontamination. 

Our knowledge of the mode of action of vitamin D is incomplete, and no precise definition can be given in biochemical terms. It is clear that rickets, as commonly understood, results from a deficiency of vitamin D. The morphologist and the physiologist should have no real difficulty in agreeing that rickets is synonymous with the vitamin D deficiency syndrome, and that this term is intended to include all the primary and secondary effects. 

D. Effects of Secondary Structure Definition and Truncation of Terminal Loops... 

Phrases such as strong suspicion and impaired fertility are not quantitatively defined, leaving the definitions open to interpretation. Is impaired fertility a decline in sperm motility (e.g., 200 ppm), or a complete lack of reproduction (750 ppm) Should this even be relevant if the exposure concentrations are no higher than 20 ppm Also, note the requirement that the impaired fertility should be in the absence of other toxic effects, but what does the rest of the sentence mean Lawyers have interpreted it to mean that the impaired fertility must be a direct effect on the reproductive system, not a secondary response to another primary effect. For example, an effect on the adrenal glands to increase the secretion of epinephrine may be a primary effect, but this has a secondary effect of increasing the heart rate. 

A second problem concerns delimiting the mechanisms of action which should be included in the definition, to exclude effects which are a secondary consequence of overt toxicity in other body systems. For example, disruption to the endocrine system caused by general metabolic disturbance, such as in severe liver damage, should not be grounds for calling a chemical an ED. 

With today s technology, the definition of the surface as it effects a material s performance in many cases means the outer one or two monolayers. It is the specific chemistry of these immediate surface molecules that determines many of the chemical and physical properties. Therefore, it is important to have available a tool that is able to characterize the chemistry of these layers. One such method that has met with considerable success is Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). 

From a reference set by definition (primary values). This method assumes that structural effects on the data set to be studied are a linear function of those which occur in the reference set. Secondary values of these parameters can be estimated by various methods. 

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