Secondary Contact Points

These Secondary Contact Points (SCPs) have access to the information products and services made available from UNBDO/INTIB through the PCP and have the responsibility to assist their member SMIs and entrepreneurs to make use of the information, as appropriate. In this way, the network is built. 

In order to increase the outreach of EEIS information, it will be necessary to put into place a dissemination network of Secondary Contact Points (SCPs) which will be the principal interface of INTIB/EEIS with the end-users. While there should be no barrier to end-users interacting directly with the PCP, staffing levels and the focus of the PCP mandate are likely to act as a constraint on the dissemination range of the EEIS. It is therefore thought that the number of potential users can be significantly increased by creating a network of secondary organizations. 

Clearly, depends on the volume fraction of the dispersion, as well as the particle size distribution (which determines the number of contact points in a floe). Therefore, for quantitative comparison between various systems, it must be ensured that the volume fraction of the disperse particles is the same, and that the dispersions have very similar particle size distributions. also depends on the strength of the flocculated structure - that is, the energy of attraction between the droplets - and this in turn depends on whether the flocculation is in the primary or secondary minimum. Flocculation in the primary minimum is associated with a large attractive energy, and this leads to higher values of when compared to values obtained for secondary minimum flocculation (weak flocculation). For a weakly flocculated dispersion, as is the case for the secondary minimum flocculation of an electrostatically stabilised system, the deeper the secondary minimum the higher the value of (at any given volume fraction and particle size distribution of the dispersion). 

A segment perpendicular to a surface results in an effective steric barrier, while the number of contact points with the interface influences the strength of adsorption. For example, flexible caseins have numerous proline residues, so they have little ordered secondary structure and no intramolecular crosslink. As a result, caseins are able to adopt a number of different conformational states when being adsorbed at the oil-water interface. They are usually adsorbed at the interface in such a way that considerable portions of their structures protruding into the aqueous phase are available (Dickinson, 1992). On the other hand, serum milk proteins, such as p-lg and a-lactalbumin (a-la), bind relatively close to the interface and do not protrude... 

Secondary exclusion effects, i.e. size exclusion of solutes from the volume surrounding the contact points of the support particles, are of little ijtportanoe in ordinary SBC and may be included in the separation characteristics of the support. The major concern will in this case be the selection of a proper solute for the determination of the void volume (105). However, in the determination of the pore size distribution this effect must be eliminated or else corrected for (106). As shorn by Schou and Larsen (106) this effect is very small for solute sizes of vp to 3 % of the particle size. Thus for a support of 5 ym particle size a 1 % error in may be expected for solutes with a radius of 800 A. 

Although the exact mechanism of p-mediated transcription termination is not known, it is likely that p uses the rut site as an anchor point, making more stable secondary contacts with the 3 segments of the RNA and pulling the RNA away from the RNA Pol (97). 

Excessive radial movement can cause wear, fretting, or pitting of the shaft packing or secondary sealing element at the point of contact between the shaft packing and the shaft or sleeve OD. 

One problem with methods that produce polycrystalline or nanocrystalline material is that it is not feasible to characterize electrically dopants in such materials by the traditional four-point-probe contacts needed for Hall measurements. Other characterization methods such as optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), Raman, X-ray and electron diffraction, X-ray rocking-curve widths to assess crystalline quality, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), scanning or transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), cathodolumi-nescence (CL), and wet-chemical etching provide valuable information, but do not directly yield carrier concentrations. 

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) seems to have been used only scarcely for the characterization of solid lipid-based nanoparticles [104], This method, however, is routinely applied for the morphological investigation of solid hpid microparticles (e.g., to smdy their shape and surface structure also with respect to alterations in contact with release media) [24,38,39,41,42,80,105]. For investigation, the microparticles are usually dried, and their surface has to be coated with a conductive layer, commonly by sputtering with gold. Unlike TEM, in SEM the specimen is scanned point by point with the electron beam, and secondary electrons that are emitted by the sample surface on irradiation with the electron beam are detected. In this way, a three-dimensional impression of the structures in the sample, or of their surface, respectively, is obtained. 

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