Secondary aberration

Most of the data presented on chromosomal alterations or secondary aberrations induced by metals and their compounds have been obtained from short-term tests. However, Coen etal. (2001) showed that heavy metals of relevance to human health (e.g., Cd and Ni) may induce a long-term... 

Clinical manifestation Primary hyperalgesia, allodynia, spontaneous pain Secondary hyperalgesia, allodynia, spontaneous pain, aberrantly referred pain ... 

Because it is concave and elliptical, the secondary mirror of a Gregorian telescope allows for simpler fabrication test set-ups, as a point-like source placed at one of the foci of the ellipse should be re-imaged aberration-free at the other focus. Convex hyperbolic mirrors require more complex set-ups. This disadvantage is usually more than balanced by the more compact arrangement, the savings implied by the shorter telescope structure and more compact enclosure offsetting the additional cost and complexity of the secondary mirror test set-up. This trade-off, however, applies in the context of current technology-... 

The OWL optical design is shown in Fig. 1. It is based on a spherical and flat folding secondary mirrors, with a four-element corrector providing for the compensation of spherical and field aberrations as well as advanced active optics and dual-conjugate adaptive optics. A complete discussion would exceed the scope of this report we shall however mention a few key arguments supporting this solution ... 

There are several reports of noteworthy extrapulmonary effects in laboratory animals with concentrations of about 0.2 ppm. These include reduced voluntary activity, chromosomal aberrations in circulating lymphocytes of hamsters, increased neonatal mortality, and greater incidence of jaw abnormalities in offspring of ozone-exposed mice. The mechanisms of these reported effects and whether th are due to direct actions of absorbed ozone, some secondary reaction product, or secondary responses to the stress of local actions in the lung are largely unknown. However, reported analogous effects in humans exposed to ozone, such as changes in visual acuity and headache (possibly related to the reduced activity in... 

P. K. Baijal, D. W. Fitzpatrick and R. P. Bird, Comparative effects of secondary bile acids, deoxycholic and lithocholic acids, on aberrant crypt foci growth in the postinitiation phases of colon carcinogenesis, Nutr. Cancer, 1998, 31, 81. 

Compared with untreated patients and patients treated with busulfan or hydroxyurea, interferon alfa produced a significantly higher frequency of clonal aberrant cytogenetic abnormalities and chronic clonal evolution in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (386). However, the possible role of interferon alfa in the secondary occurrence of hematological malignancies is purely speculative. Only isolated cases of myeloproliferative syndrome, leukemia, or lymphoma have been attributed to interferon alfa (SED-13, 1098) (SEDA-20, 331) (SEDA-21, 373). There was no increased incidence of second cancers in patients treated for hairy cell leukemia (SEDA-20, 331). 

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