Searching Query Formulation

Instead of navigating through the concepts and relationships to determine the data for transfer, an older view (possibly from a different project) can also be searched for in the experience base. The related information - the type of project, the cooperation partner, the extruder type and its realization - are used to graphically formulate a search query. This query is then executed on the experience base. 

The chemical connectivity tables are, of course, a formalized representation of 2D chemistry, and, in some situations, rules must be applied in creating the table. These rules must be known to the user when a chemical substructure search query is being formulated and are further discussed in Section 3.7.4. 

The interaction task includes the set of lower-level interactions that are performed by the human and product to accomphsh the apphcation task that may also be at different levels. For example, the application-level goal of reviewing a medical record may involve the interaction-level task of retrieving the record from an electronic database. The retrieval task, in turn, entails lower-level interaction tasks of search that involves the still lower-level task of formulating a proper search query. Each level of tasks may impose cognitive demands. 

For synthesis searching the chemist will draw a target molecule with our RXNBOX front-end and submit it to CASP. From the generated synthesis tree he can select an interesting sequence. CASP will formulate corresponding reaction search queries and submit them to ORAC. The answers can be single steps, sequences or total synthesis. The user will decide if they confirm the plausibility of the selected CASP sequence or not. 

Fuzzy 2D substructure searching is an extension of substructure searching to the minor extent that it permits the expansion of the query formulation vocabulary to include topological features and substructural wildcards described above. This involves the retrieval of all entities in a CIR system that contain the user-defined partial structure and that satisfy whatever wildcard specification pattern has been specified. The query identifies the partial structure and simple wildcard substitution patterns exactly. As with substructure searching, the use of query features on a partial structure will always identify structures which are equal in size or larger than the query. 

The descriptive power of Markush query formulation is used to greatest effect for chemical patent searching, in part because this syntax reflects that used in chemical structure diagrams embedded in the patent applications or the issued patent. See also Markush Structure Searching in Patents and Structure Representation,... 

CAS Transaction Editor DCRT (NIH) On Line Structure Input System for query formulation (1 ) General processing utilities and a macro processor from Dupont U.S. Army CIDS Substructure Ring Screens and Interactive Search (0) CAS Algorithmic Structure Display (ASD) ( ) and CAS On Line... 

Since the book was conceived new front-ends such as STN Express (26,55), MOLKICK (26,34) and DARC CHEMLINK (26) have appeared on the market. All are IBM PC based graphics packages which allow offline query formulation followed by connection to a host computer and uploading of the query for online searching. Offline query formulation means that an end-user can avoid the so-... 

In addition to addressing the practicalities of database maintenance, we also aim to enhance the range of the facilities available, to make the information within CHIRBASE more readily accessible to users. CHIRBASE contains two form-based applications for query building designed to help novice or expert users to formulate queries the query menu and the automatic search tool. 

PROSITE is a database of biologically significant sites and patterns (amino acid residues) formulated from a known family of proteins as the characteristic familial identifiers or signatures that can be used to detected such family from the query sequences of proteins. If the PROSITE database (prosite.dat downloaded from http //expasy.hcuge.ch/sprot/prosite.html) is installed in the usrstuff directory, selecting Search for PROSITE tool from the Edit menu returns a list of ProSite for... 

Figure 7.6. Formulating a search against the nucleotide portion of Entrez. The initial query is shown in the text box towards the top of the window, and the nucleotide entries matching the query are shown below. See text for details.

While this example is typically encountered in basic research laboratories, researchers in process or technical development frequently have quite different needs. High among these are methods to store and search for information associated with the work carried out to improve an individual reaction by changing the conditions and/or reagents. In REACCS this information can be stored under one reaction entry in the form of variations. Furthermore, the ability of REACCS to handle molecular information - structures and associated data - allows the formulation of unique queries as illustrated in Figure 8. The search in this case is for all reactions in which a cyclopentene thiolester is formed. These conversion queries change the result of a search for molecules into reactions or vice versa. 

In natural language there are many ways of expressing the relations between concepts, for example by the order of words in a sentence, the use of prepositions and cases, by relative pronouns, etc. Since an author is free to choose between all these possibilities, at the time of formulating a query one cannot know which special syntactic tools were used in the texts being sought. Thus, if one wants to use relations between concepts as search parameters, special rules for representing them in the file must be established and consistently applied, independently of how these relations had been expressed in the original text. 

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