Scrubbing tests

Head, H.N. "EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility Advanced Program, Third Progress Report," Bechtel Corp., San Francisco, CA, EPA-600/7-77-105, September 1977. 

Derived from 1imestone/magnesia scrubber inlet liquor analyses obtained during 1976 at the EPA Shawnee Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility. 

Data for magnesia-enhanced limestone scrubbing of SO2 by a Turbulent Contact Absorber were obtained from the 10-MW equivalent EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility. These data and the chemical model have been used to predict the enhancement effect of magnesia-induced dissolved sulfite concentration on S02 removal. 

This paper utilizes data that were acquired as part of the Environmental Protection Agency s Shawnee Wet Scrubbing Test Program, and is presented with the support and encouragement of John F. Williams, Shawnee Project Officer, EPA Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC. 

Data obtained in scrubbing tests can be presented graphically, such as by plotting the concentration of metals in the organic phase against A/O ratio, salt concentration in the scrub solution, temperature, etc. Typical plots for the removal of nickel from cobalt in a DEHPA-containing solvent are shown in Figs. 7.3 and 7.4 [3]. 

Head, N. N., Wang, S. C., and Keen, R. T., "Results of Lime and Linestone Testing with Forced Oxidation at the RPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility," Bechtel Corp. (1977). 

Borgwardt, R.H., Proceedings Industry Briefing on EPA Lime/ Limestone Wet Scrubbing Test Programs, 1979, EPA-600/7-79-092 p.1-9. 

Adipic Acid-Enhanced Lime/Limestone Test Results at the EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility... 

This report describes the results of the Shawnee Lime and Limestone Wet Scrubbing Test Program conducted by EPA s Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (IERL-RTP). In this program, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) tests were conducted at the EPA 10 MW prototype Shawnee Test Facility located at the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) coal-fired Shawnee Power Station near Paducah, Kentucky. Bechtel Group, Inc. of San Francisco was the major contractor and test director, and TVA was the constructor and facility operator. Results of the program before July 1978 have been reported elsewhere (1.2) ... 

A primary objective of the EPA alkali wet scrubbing test program during the last several years has been to enhance SO2 removal and improve the reliability and economics of lime and limestone wet scrubbing systems by use of adipic acid as a chemical additive. 

Bechtel National, Inc., "EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility Advanced Program, Final Report (October 1974-June 1978)," EPA-600/7-80-115, NTIS PB 80-204241, May 1980. 

Burbank, D. A. Wang, S. C. Proceedings The Fifth Industry Briefing on IERL-RTP Lime/Limestone Wet Scrubbing Test Programs (December 1979), EPA-600/9-80-032, NTIS PB 80-199813, July 1980, pp. 27-113. 

Epstein, M., Head, H.N., Wang, S.C., Burbank, D.A., "Results of Mist Elimination and Alkali Utilization Testing at the EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility," 1976, Proceedings Symposium on Flue Gas Desulfurization, New Orleans, March 1976, Vol. I, EPA-600/2-76-136a (NTIS PB 255317), 145-204. 

By combining swab and scrub test methods on the same site, differential identification of both surface and subsurface microorganisms can be obtained [60]. A study by Chevalier [18] compared results of the scrub method to results of aerobic counts obtained from biopsies with remarkable similarity in data sets. From detailed studies using the scrub test method, the percentage of different species and types can be calculated for various parts of the body [107]. Due to the aggressiveness of this method, skin damage inevitably occurs and some studies of the human skin, under dynamic conditions, are precluded. 

A Gross, L Cofone, MB Huff. Iodine inactivating agent in surgical scrub testing. Arch Surg 106(2) 175-178, 1973. 

Table 7.12. Results of the ACE pool scrubbing tests (according to Ramsdale et al., 1992 by courtesy of the European Conununities)...

The cleanability of a coating is generally assessed by stain resistance or scrub tests. In the stain resistance test, the coating is allowed to dry for a specified time (usually a week) and then common staining materials such as coffee, tea, frait juice, mustard. 

Wear caused by the impact of fingers on keycaps while typing, mostly on characters like a,e,i,o,u etc., results in discoloration of the printed character, over a period of time. Specialised wear testing equipment, a Scrub Tester [2], is used to determine the effect of wear on the printed keycaps. The scrub testing machine, set up according to an... 

Commercially available keycaps provided by NMB were tested to identify the reasons for lack of contrast and subsequent discolouration. Results Irom the speciahsed wear testing of the samples show no more than 10% wear of the character, indicating that they have passed the test. Fig. 1 shows the digital photographs of different scrub tested keycaps. However, the same keycaps in actual service conditions are showing discolouration in less than 6 months. 

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