Scraped evaporator

Processes approved for sodium treatment are water chemical methods. Alcohol is forbidden by the CEA since an accident occurred during the decommissioning of the RAPSODIE reactor in 1994 [7, 8], Physical cleaning methods (e.g. scraping, evaporation) are more limited at an industrial scale due to their relatively tedious nature. 

Drum Drying. The dmm or roHer dryers used for milk operate on the same principles as for other products. A thin layer or film of product is dried over an internally steam-heated dmm with steam pressures up to 620 kPa (90 psi) and 149°C. Approximately 1.2—1.3 kg of steam ate requited per kilogram of water evaporated. The dry film produced on the roHer is scraped from the surface, moved from the dryer by conveyor, and pulverized, sized, cooled, and put iato a container. 

Evaporation Retardants. Small molecule solvents that make up the most effective paint removers also have high vapor pressure and evaporate easily, sometimes before the remover has time to penetrate the finish. Low vapor pressure cosolvents are added to help reduce evaporation. The best approach has been to add a low melting point paraffin wax (mp = 46-57° C) to the paint remover formulation. When evaporation occurs the solvent is chilled and the wax is shocked-out forming a film on the surface of the remover that acts as a barrier to evaporation (5,6). The addition of certain esters enhances the effectiveness of the wax film. It is important not to break the wax film with excessive bmshing or scraping until the remover has penetrated and lifted the finish from the substrate. Likewise, it is important that the remover be used at warm temperatures, since at cool temperatures the wax film may not form, or if it does it will be brittle and fracture. Rapid evaporation occurs when the wax film is absent or broken. 

Cyclopropyl-1 lodo-2-propanol (6). To freshly scraped samanum powder (300 mg, 2 at) at O C was added a few drops of a solution of 4 (34 mg, 1 mmol) and 5 (803 mg, 3 mmol), in THF (6 mL). After initiation, the rest was added with stirring dunng 20 min, end after 20 min at 0°C, the mixture was treated with 1 N HCI and extracted with ether. The combined extracts were washed with aq Na2S203 solution and brine, and dned over MgSOs Evaporation and preparative TLC gave 175 mg of 6 (77%)... 

Diaminoanthraquinone [128-95-0] M 238.3, m 268°. Purified by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel using toluene/acetone (9 1) as eluent. The main band was scraped off and extracted with MeOH. The solvent was evaporated and the quinone was dried in a drying pistol [Land, McAlpine, Sinclair and Truscott J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 1 72 2091 1976]. Crystd from EtOH in dark violet crystals. 

Evaporators of suitable and robust construction can be defrosted by brushing, scraping or chipping, but these methods are labour-intensive and may lead to damage of the plant. 

Preliminary purification of a starting band contaminated with plant oil should be performed by predevelopment with a nonpolar solvent such as benzene or n-heptane, delivered from the eluent container. Weakly retained ballast substances (e.g., lipids) move with the solvent to the edge of the adsorbent layer, covering the glass plate where the volatile solvent evaporates. The contaminants can then be removed (scraped out with the adsorbent) from the layer or adsorbed on the strip of blotting paper placed on the upper edge of the layer. 

SFE-GC-MS is particularly useful for (semi)volatile analysis of thermo-labile compounds, which degrade at the higher temperatures used for HS-GC-MS. Vreuls et al. [303] have reported in-vial liquid-liquid extraction with subsequent large-volume on-column injection into GC-MS for the determination of organics in water samples. Automated in-vial LLE-GC-MS requires no sample preparation steps such as filtration or solvent evaporation. On-line SPE-GC-MS has been reported [304], Smart et al. [305] used thermal extraction-gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (TE-GC-MS) for direct analysis of TLC spots. Scraped-off material was gradually heated, and the analytes were thermally extracted. This thermal desorption method is milder than laser desorption, and allows analysis without extensive decomposition. 

The combined solvent fractions were poured into a glass baking dish and set aside for evaporation. After 4 days the dish was scraped clean and the crystals put to use. Success ... 

A mixture of the above was evaporated to dryness, on scraping the residue with a spatula a dust explosion , presumably of only a small part of the charge, resulted, covering the experimenter with powder. 

The thin line separates and spreads into bands of compounds, much like a tiny spot separates and spreads on the analytical TLC plates. Rather than just look at the bands though, you scrape the adsorbant holding the different bands into different flasks, blast your compounds off of the adsorbants with appropriate solvents, filter off the adsorbant, and finally evaporate the solvents and actually recover the separate compounds. 

Urinate in a glass container. Let it evaporate. Then scrape the inside for the concentrate. Just mix it with water before the test, and the sample will have the correct specific gravity, pH, color, etc. 

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