Scopolamine characteristics

Parkes, M. W. (1965) An examination of central actions characteristic of scopolamine comparison of central and peripheral activity in scopolamine, atropine and some synthetic basic esters. Psychopharmacologia (Berl.), 7,1-19. 

The alkaloids of the tropane group show a series of common chemical characteristics, particularly that of being esters of organic acids combined with bicyclic hydramines. They include Z-hyoscyamine and its isomer atropine, cocaine, scopolamine or hyoscine, and a series of secondary alkaloids. 

Teratogenic effects are known to occur with the use of LSD during pregnancy Scopolamine is unique among hallucinogens in that animals will self-administer it Dilated pupils, tachycardia, tremor, and increased alertness are characteristic effects of psilocybin... 

Other models have been described which reproduce learning impairment and memory loss. These models are based on lesioning or pharmacological blockade (scopolamine) of specific neurotransmitter pathways, or as in the Brattleboro strain of rats where vasopressin production is perturbed due to an hereditary disorder. These models will undoubtedly make a contribution, but they are aimed at studying memory and do not necessarily elucidate the characteristic features of Alzheimer s disease. 

Fig. 3.18 Chemotaxonomy and phylogeny of the Solanaceae. The provisional phylogenetic tree of Fig. 2.2 is shown here again though without terms for the clades in order to have a clear structure in favour of metabolite symbols. Plotted on the tree is the occurrence of three dominant and characteristic classes of secondary metabolites of the Solanaceae family with two subclasses in one case (I) Tropane alkaloids (two subclasses), (11) steroidal alkaloids/glycoalkaloids, (III) with-anoUdes/withasteroids. These metabolites are indicated by the following symbols. Co-occurrence of different classes (rather rare) is also indicated, i.e., by two corresponding symbols. Filled square tropane alkaloids of the structural types T5, T6, and T7-A - T7-B (very poisonous ester alkaloids with a tropic acid residue, e.g., hyoscyamine/atropine, scopolamine and their derivatives). Taxa highlighted by dt filled square may also show co-occurrence with tropane alkaloids of the following subclass according to Table 3.1 however, this is not highlighted in such cases. Open square tropane alkaloids of the structural types T1 - T4, T7-C, and T7-D (ester alkaloids of...

We have developed an vitro experimental procedure to measure the permeation characteristics of drugs through skin (7). The first drug to pass through the development activity is scopolamine, which is a belladonna alkaloid with a pK of 7.35. For scopolamine, skin permeability is strongly pH dependent, in that the nonionic (more lipophilic) form... 

A. Characteristics of Vitro Delivery of Scopolamine from the Transdermal Therapeutic System-scopolamine into an Infinite Sink... 

Theory. The transport characteristics of scopolamine from the system are determined by molecular diffusion through the various elements of the multilayer laminate. During the priming dose period, drug diffusion from the contact adhesive layer dominates the temporal pattern of drug release. However, during steady-state delivery, rate-limitation, or control, is resident in the microporous membrane. 

Drug Diffusion in the Microporous Membrane. The pores of the microporous membrane are filled with a suitable solvent having the necessary solubility and diffusion characteristics for scopolamine. 

Fig. 13.6. DESI mass spectrum of Atropa belladonna seeds using methanol water =1 1 as spray solvent. The insets show tandem mass spectra of the protonated alkaloids hyoscamine, m/z 290 and scopolamine, m/z 304. Both protonated alkaloids have the characteristic loss of tropic acid, 166 u, in common. Reprinted from Ref. [13] with permission. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2005.

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