Scents, use

An innate ability to recognize natural predators is frequently tested in zoo animals, often offering contradictory results (e.g. Buchanan-Smith, Anderson and Ryan 1993 Boon 2003). Some authors only advocate the use of scents that are relevant to a zoo animal in the wild for example, natural prey and adversary species faeces, as used for olfactory enrichment in African lions (Baker, Campbell and Gilbert 1997 Schuett and Frase 2001). Most scents used occur in some form in the natural environment, although not necessarily the natural environment of the test... 

Schuett, E.B. and Frase, B.A. (2001) Making scents using the olfactory senses for lion enrichment. The Shape of Enrichment. 10, 1-3. 

All humans sweat. In fact, all mammals—including dogs, horses, and chimpanzees—sweat in one way or another. Sweating, or perspiring, is the body s way of regulating its own temperature and scent, using the process of evaporation. 

Dried leaves, wood, flowers or all of a herb are burnt in a fire. The smoke from such a fire has an aromatic scent, used as offerings, purifying of air, warding off danger, etc. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) Acetic acid, a-(trichloromethyl)benzyl ester AI3-02454 Benzenemethanol, a-(tricWoromethyl)-, acetate Benzyl alcohol, a-(trichloromethyl)-, acetate BRN 2270144 EINECS 201-972-0 NSC 165582 Rosacetol Rose crystals Trichlor phenyl methyl carbinyl acetate Trichloromethyl phenyl carbinyl acetate a-(Trichloro-methyl)benzyl acetate a-(Trichloromethyl)benzenemeth-anol acetate a-(Trichloromethyl)benzyl alcohol acetate . A rose scent used in the perfumery industry. Liquid mp = 85-87 . Bedoukian Research Inc. Frirtarom Nipa. 

Which one of the following scents used in hypertension is a prodrug that is converted to its active form in the brain ... 

Source-to-source odor variation in a population of odor-producing objects may be an important statistical feature affecting olfactory perception and behavior. Another recent study showed that variability in the major-histocompatability-complex (MHC) odor signal and the amount of scent marking by individuals affected scent use by female mice when they were selecting mates.They showed that a... 

Complementarily, the products can be associated with the scent used as the CS to determine whether the insecticides have a repellent effect [35]. 

It should be noted that our use of the term, kin recognition, in Study 1 does not imply any particular type of instinctual process, nor does the term, recognition, used in Study 2. A reliable preference for either of the two scents used in Study 1 would show that the subjects responded discriminatively, thus conforming with Sherman and Holmes s (1985) definition of kin recognition cited above. A reliable preference for either of the two human scents used in Study 2 would also justify our use of the term, recognition, but only in the same limited sense as in Study 1. For a more detailed discussion of this issue see Johnston and Jemigan (1994). 

Ferkin, M. H., Ferkin, F. H. Richmond, M. 1994. Sources of scent used by prairie o qs, Microtus ochrogaster, to convey sexual identity to conspecifics. Can. J. Zool, 72, 2205—2209. 

More recently, we have investigated the minor volatile components in the scent using glc-mass spectrometry. In this way we... 

Spray. For most purposes a simple spray device, based on the ordinary scent-spray, suffices. A finer and less intermittent spray can be obtained using the apparatus shown in Fig. 26. A narrow glass cylinder J has a ground-glass... 

Nerolin, which has a faint but persistent odour, is used technically for scenting soaps, etc,... 

The lonones are fragrant substances present in the scent of ms and are used in perfume A mixture of a and 3 lonone can be prepared by treatment of pseudoionone with sulfuric acid... 

Shuric acid, yields phenyl-acetic acid or a-toluic acid. This is con-ansed with methyl alcohol, forming the methyl ester of the formula. COOCH3. It has a powerful honey odour, and is very useful in scent bases of this type. 

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) uses a chemical communication system based on scent marks in urine. Recent work has shown one component of fox urine to be a sulfide. Mass spectral analysis of the pure scent-mark component shows M+ = 116. IR spectroscopy shows an intense band at 890 cm-1, and H NMR spectroscopy reveals the following peaks ... 

Insects have demonstrated a remarkable ability to become resistant to insecticides. The use of an attractant upon which a species depends for survival, such as a sex lure emitted by the female, will probably be a permanent tool whether or not it is used with a toxicant since the insect s ability to reproduce will be seriously impaired if the male becomes less responsive to the scent that helps it find a mate (12). 

Benzophenone is used to prevent ultraviolet light from damaging scents and colors in products such as perfumes and soaps. It allows the manufacturer to package the product in clear glass or plastic. Without it, opaque or dark packaging would be necessary. 

Because it does not have quite the same taste as the much more complex mixture of compounds found in natural vanilla extract, it is most often used with stronger flavors and scents such as chocolate, cloves, nutmeg, or cinnamon. 

Vanilla is used in many products, usually sweetened foods, and scented products, such as perfumes and candles. 

Butylene glycol is sometimes used as a humectant (moisturizer) and preservative if the spray contains food items such as vitamins and proteins. It also helps products to retain their scents. 

Because the scent of a flower may be due to hundreds of different compounds, it is difficult for perfume manufacturers to duplicate floral scents. Establishing the identities and relative amounts of the components of a fragrance was actually impossible until the development of chromatography. Related techniques are used in forensic laboratories to match samples of fluids, by food manufacturers to test product quality, and to search for evidence of life on other planets. All these techniques depend on subtle differences in intermolecular forces to separate compounds. 

The whole range of carboxylic acids and alcohols can be reacted to form esters. They are found in a large number of natural and synthetic scents and perfumes because of their pleasant odor. Many are used as solvents for paints and resins. Esters are converted back into the original acids and alcohols hy reaction with strong bases in water in a process called saponification (soap formation). 

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