Scent hairs

Muller-Schwarze, M.D., Volkman, N.J. and Zemanek, K.F. (1977) Osmetrichia specialised scent hair in black tailed deer. J. Ultrastructural Research. 59, 223-230. 

Special modified hair in the region of a scent gland can enhance its function. Such scent hairs have been termed osmetrichia (Miiller-Schwarze et ah, 1977 Fig. 3.12). They may be stiff bristles with surface chambers formed by their cuticular scales, as in the tarsal tuft of black-tailed deer (Fig. 3.12a), spoon or spatula like, as in the ventral gland of the Mongolian gerbil Meriories unguiculatus Fig. 3.12d), or a wick formed by a hollow medulla and vacuolated cortical... 

Johnston RE (1986) Effect of odors on male sexual behavior. Behav Neural Biol 46 168-188 MMer-Schwarze D, Volkman NJ, Zemanek K (1977) Osmetiichia Specialized scent hairs in black-tailed deer. J Ultrastruct Res 59 223-230... 

The olfactory receptors are arranged on whip-hke scent hairs, held together in bundles of up to ten cilia these are found on the 20 miUion olfactory ceUs. [2] Each of these cells expresses only one scent receptor. By binding of the scent molecule to the receptor, the quaternary structure of the receptor protein is... 

Area repellents are materials that are intended to keep animals away from a broad area. They include predator scent such as Hon or tiger manure, blood meal, tankage such as putrefied slaughterhouse waste, bone tar oil, rags soaked in kerosene or creosote, and human hair (84). Although few controlled tests have been mn on these materials in the past, more recent investigations of predator odors have shown promise (85). 

From the hair-pencils of butterflies in Danainae and Ithomiinae (Papilion-oidea Nymphalidae), a wider variety of pyrrolizines (la-d, and 6a-d) have been identified than from Arctiidae moths. These compounds are biosynthesized from pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are included in host plants fed by the larvae and protect them from the attacks of other herbivores [122]. In addition to novel lactones (7, 8a, and 8b) derived from an acid part of the alkaloids, many volatiles of more than 100 compounds (aromatics, terpenoids, hydrocarbons, and others) constitute scent bouquets of the male butterflies [123]. For example, the hair-pencil of Idea leuconoe (Danainae) which is distributed in South-East Asia contained 16 compounds (6b, 8a, 8b, 9, and others), and a mixture of the major volatiles applied to a butterfly dummy elicited an abdomen-curling acceptance posture in the females as a crude extract of the male hair-pencils did [ 124]. A chiral GC analysis revealed the absolute config-... 

Stoddart, D.M. (1979) A specialised scent-releasing hair in the crested rat, Lophiomys imhausi. J. Zool. 189, 551-553. 

Studies of free-ranging fossas described an orange staining of belly and breast hair, with an increased intensity in male individuals during the breeding season (Hawkins 1998). It was assumed that this visual effect is supplemented by olfactory compounds. More recently, a difference in scent-marking behaviour of male and... 

Olfactory enrichment should provide stimulation and choice whilst minimizing health risks. However, relatively few studies have reported their health and safety considerations. The most commonly used forms of olfactory stimuli are faeces and urine, and yet associated risks, for example when items are consumed during provision (Schaap 2002), are hardly mentioned in the literature. Pathogen and parasite testing will decrease risk of disease transmission, and pathogens and scents may be removed by exposing items to extremes of temperature Burr (1997) microwaved fetid hair before providing it to reptiles. 

Flumans possess glands that produce potential pheromones, known as scent or apocrine glands. They are associated with hair follicles primarily in the underarm or the anogenital regions (pubic hair) and on the skin of the abdomen. The role of the hair in these locations may be to facilitate release of the pheromone into the atmosphere. 

Hickey, M. B. C. and Fenton, M. B. (1987). Scent-dispersing hairs (Osmetrichia) in some Pteropodidae and Molossidae (C titoptefa).JournalofMammalogy68,381-384. 

Powders.—Powders for the hair and skin have almost gone out of use. The basis of them is either powdered orris, or fine dry pearl starch. The perfume of the finest kinds is imparted by stratifying starch with fresh flowers, after the manner of eijfleurage with fat The flowers are subsequently separated by sifting. The simple perfumed powders thus obtained, by judicious admixture, form oompound or bouquet powders. The tediousness and expense of this process prevent its genaml employment. The common mode is to scent by the direct addition of extracts or essential oils, or else to mix in powdered fragrant material with the orris or starch. The following formulas will explain the manufacture cf them. 

---