SCAP

Mutations within the SREBPs and the SREBP processing proteins (SCAP, SIP, S2P) have intensively been searched, especially in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. So far, however, only four polymorphic sites within SCAP [38, 39], one within the promoter of SREBP-la [40], and five mutations in SREBP-2 [41] have been published. Yet, the impact of these polymorphisms and mutations on the response to statins has not been evaluated. 

Nakajima T, Ota N, Kodama T, Emi M. Isolation and radiation hybrid mapping of a highly polymorphic CA repeat sequence at the SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) locus. J Hum Genet 1999 44 350-351. 

Crawford, L.A., I.D. Hodkinson, and N.W. Lepp. 1990. The effects of feeding by the black bean aphid Aphis fabae Scap. (Homoptera Aphididae) on copper and cadmium accumulation in broad bean (Viciafaba L.). Environ. Geochem. Health 12 245-251. 

A corresponding Schmidt number is defined by Sc, = v/Tap. Then, when defining the SR model for the covariance, we will simply replace Sc by Scap (e.g., in (4.98),... 

Note that, unlike pap, pD is not bounded by unity. This is because the dissipation-range cut-off wavenumber, (4.101), used to define ( a p) d depends on Scap, which is different for each scalar pair (i.e., Scap / Scaa Scpp). Indeed, for the mean-scalar-gradient case,... 

A key assumption in deriving the SR model (as well as earlier spectral models see Batchelor (1959), Saffman (1963), Kraichnan (1968), and Kraichnan (1974)) is that the transfer spectrum is a linear operator with respect to the scalar spectrum (e.g., a linear convection-diffusion model) which has a characteristic time constant that depends only on the velocity spectrum. The linearity assumption (which is consistent with the linear form of (A.l)) ensures not only that the scalar transfer spectra are conservative, but also that if Scap = Scr in (A.4), then Eap ic, t) = Eyy k, t) for all t when it is true for t = 0. In the SR model, the linearity assumption implies that the forward and backscatter rate constants (defined below) have the same form for both the variance and covariance spectra, and that for the covariance spectrum the rate constants depend on the molecular diffusivities only through Scap (i.e., not independently on Sc or Sep). 

In Subsections 2.2 and 2.3 it was shown that Strutinsky s energy theorem can be formulated in two different forms, Eqs (13) and (29). The first form is relevant after the first step of the SCAP (the first averaging of the HFR results) is performed, whereas the second form comes in after the final step. Actual calculations in nuclear physics [16-22] have shown that the values obtained for E[p] and E[p] are rather close. The SCAP stationarity essentially leads to the gathering of all fluctuations of the total energy in the first-order term, 5, E(e, .), minimizing the sum of the second-order terms in Eqn (29). 

The Cameca ims 1280 is an ion microscope as well as an ion microprobe. That means that it can transmit direct ion images to an image detector. This capability has now been adapted for semi-quantitative and quantitative ion imaging. Direct ion imaging does not depend on the size of the primary ion beam for its spatial resolution. The new solid-state SCAPS detector has a spatial resolution of less than a micron, close to that of the NanoSIMS (see below). 

FIGURE 21-43 SREBP activation. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs, shown in green) are embedded in the ER when first synthesized, in a complex with the protein SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP, red). (N and C represent the amino and carboxyl termini of the proteins.) When bound to SCAP, SREBPs are inactive. When... 

Method of Hopfinger and Battershell The Hopfinger and Battershell method [64] is based on the solvent-dependent conformational anaylsis procedure (SCAP) to calculate the free energies of the solute at 300 K in water, Fw, and in octanol, F0. The latter parameters are related to Kow by the following relation ... 

Fw and F0 are calculated by SCAP from group contributions. Four different contributions, called the hydration shell parameters, have to be considered for each group and each solvent. They have been listed for the methyl, methylene, methine, vinyl, acetylene, aromatic C, halogens (except I), and various O-, S-, and N-containing groups [64]. 

Hopfinger, A. J., and R. D. Battershell, Application of SCAP to Drug Design 1. Prediction of Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients Using Solvent-Dependent Conformational Analyses. J. Med. Chem., 1976 19, 569-573. 

Scaps, P. 2002. A review of the biology, ecology and potential use of the common ragworm Hediste diversicolor (O.F. Muller) (Annelida Polychaeta). Hydrobiologia 470 203-218. 

What are SREBP and SCAP What role do they play in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis ... 

X. Hua, A. Nohturfft, J. L. Goldstein, and M. S. Brown. Sterol resistance in CHO cells traced to point mutation in SREBP cleavage activating protein, (SCAP). Cett, 87, 415-426, 1996. 

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