Scanning Probe Microscopic image

C Gackenheimer, L Cayon, and R Relfenberger. Analysis of scanning probe microscope images using wavelets. Ultramicroscopy, 106 389-397, 2006. 

This chapter reviews some of the work done on disordered carbon-black-polymer composites by my collaborators and myself over the past several years. These composites have widespread commercial applications. A qualitative analysis of a transmission electron microscope image is presented. Quantitative analyses of scanning probe microscope images and dc electrical resistivity data are presented. The resistivity and linear expansion of a typical composite between 25 and 180 C are measured and analyzed. The scaling theory of percolation provides a good explanation of most of our data. 

Figure 15.24 Scanning probe microscopic images of point defects on oxide surfaces (a) MgO(OOl) thin films (5 x 5 nm ) (from Sterrer, 2006 [107]), (b) TiO2(110) (10 x lOnm ) (from Fukui, 1997 [109]), and (c) CeOj] ) (4x3.5nm ) (from Esch, 2005 [115].

Alternatives to photolithography are needed if we are to achieve smaller circuits and,hence, more powerful computers. The obvious solution is nanotechnology,through which circuits may be built atom by atom. One of the pioneering tools that will allow this to happen is the scanning probe microscope. As discussed in Chapter 5, scanning probe microscopes are not only able to produce images of individual atoms, they allow the operator to move individual atoms into desired positions. 

Why is it not possible for a scanning probe microscope to make images of the inside of an atom ... 

The advent of high resolution electron and scanning probe microscopic techniques have resulted in tremendous progress in our ability to image and manipulate objects on the scale of molecules, moving... 

While the use of a separate LVSEM instrument to ensure sampling representivity provides high-resolution imaging of uncoated samples, various other approaches also exist. For example, there are now scanning probe microscopes located within... 

Characterization of surfaces and thin films has been revolutionized by the invention of scanning probe microscopes, i,e, scanning force microscopy, scanning tunnelling microscopy, and scanning near field optical microscopy [262-264], These methods not only allow imaging of molecular and supramolecular details, but can also be employed to probe and to manipulate chemical properties on a nanoscopic or molecular scale, e,g., mechanical SFM [265], chemical SFM [266], electrochemical STM [267,268],... 

The STM was the first scanning probe microscope to be developed [1]. Although the original aim was to image the surface topography of metals on the atomic scale and in... 

Considering techniques that allow the imaging of lipid surfaces, scanning probe microscopes such as the atomic force microscope (AFM) (13, 23) have become very appealing. The AFM allows measurements of native lipid samples under physiologic-like conditions and while biological processes are at work. It is hence often used to determine lipid membrane stmctures, stmctural defects in membranes, domain formation, and even the behavior of lipid rafts with high nanometer-scale lateral resolution. 

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