Scanning electron microscopy composites

Additional information on elastomer and SAN microstmcture is provided by C-nmr analysis (100). Rubber particle composition may be inferred from glass-transition data provided by thermal or mechanochemical analysis. Rubber particle morphology as obtained by transmission or scanning electron microscopy (101) is indicative of the ABS manufacturing process (77). (See Figs. 1 and 2.)... 

Asbestos fiber identification can also be achieved through transmission or scanning electron microscopy (tern, sem) techniques which are especially usefiil with very short fibers, or with extremely small samples (see Microscopy). With appropriate peripheral instmmentation, these techniques can yield the elemental composition of the fibers using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence, or the crystal stmcture from electron diffraction, selected area electron diffraction (saed). 

Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Study of Solid Propellant Combustion. Part 111. The Surface Structure and Profile Characteristics of Burning Composite Solid Propellants , NavWeps-Cent r TP 5142-Part 3 (1971) 48) B.T. 

This is a nonpolar rubber with very little unsamration. Nanoclays as well as nanotubes have been used to prepare nanocomposites of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber. The work mostly covers the preparation and characterization of these nanocomposites. Different processing conditions, morphology, and mechanical properties have been smdied [61-64]. Acharya et al. [61] have prepared and characterized the EPDM-based organo-nanoclay composites by X-ray diffracto-gram (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy... 

FIGURE 12.11 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photomicrographs of the tensile fracture surface of the ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber-melamine fiber composites. A, before ageing and B, after ageing at 150°C for 48 h. Test specimen is cut in tbe direction parallel to the milling direction. (From Rajeev, R.S., Bhowmick, A.K., De, S.K., Kao, G.J.P., and Bandyopadhyay, S., Polym. Compos., 23, 574, 2002. With permission.)... 

The properties of titania particles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD, Model D/MAX-RB, Rigaku Ltd.), scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Model 535M, Philips Ltd.), transmission electron microscopy (TEM, Model 2000EX, JEOL Ltd.). The crystallite sizes were estimated by Scherrer s equation and the composition of rutile phase in titania were estimated from the respective integrated XRD peak intensities. 

Figure 2. Scanning electron microscopy of (a) zeolite X-chitosan, (b) zeolite Y-chitosan and (c) mordenite-chitosan composites prepared by encapsulation of zeolites during the gelling of chitosan.

Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the zeolites crystals are homogeneously dispersed in the surface and the core of the composites. Figure 2 presents micrographs of cross-sections of the chitosan-zeolite spheres and shows that the morphology of the zeolite crystals has not been affected by the gelling of chitosan. 

Polished thin sections were made in the absence of water to prevent dissolution of soluble phases. Mineral composition was determined using a combination of X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis, and scanning electron microscopy with... 

The pH, EC and Fe3+ were used as control parameters. The first two were measured with an Orion probe combined pH/ATC electrode Triode and a conductivity cell DuraProbe ref. 0133030. Fe3+ was determined by molecular absorption (thiocyanate method). Mineralogical composition of the precipitates was determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy, combined with an energy dispersive system (SEM-EDS), allowed the observation of morphological and compositional aspects of the precipitates. 

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) used to investigate the structure of similar organically modified silicate (ORMOSIL) films shows that certain [Ru(dpp)3]2+-doped octyl-triethylorthosilicate (triEOS)-tetra-ethylorthosilicate (TEOS) composites form uniform, crack-free xerogel films (Figure 6.6) that can be used to construct high-sensitivity oxygen... 

In another qualitative study, EDX analysis was used to study the nature of the precipitate occasionally formed in Zn-insulin solutions [73]. Identification of the EDX peaks obtained for the crystalline precipitates enabled the deduction that the solid consisted of a Zn-insulin complex, and a rough analysis of the peak intensities indicated that the composition of the precipitate was comparable to that existing in the starting materials. The combination of the EDX technique with scanning electron microscopy enabled the analyses to be conducted on relatively few numbers of extremely small particles. 

The melt mixed 80/20 PS/iPP blend displays a set of exotherms, where the amount of the iPP component that was heterogeneously nucleated is substantially reduced as indicated by the decrease of the crystallization enthalpy in the temperature region where the iPP crystallizes in bulk, i.e., at 109-111 °C (exotherm labeled A). This effect is due to the confinement of iPP into a large number of droplets. If the number of droplets of iPP as a dispersed phase is greater than the number of heterogeneities present in the system, fractionated crystallization occurs. The number of droplets for this composition is known (by scanning electron microscopy observations) to be of the order of 1011 particles cm-3 and polarized optical microscopy (POM) experiments have shown that this iPP contains approximately 9 x 106 heterogeneities cm-3. In fact, it can be seen in Fig. 1 that the fractionated crystallization of the iPP compon-... 

Abd El-Malek, M.M., Mohsen, R.M., Ayoub, M.M.H., New approach to the effect of binder composition on antifouling efficiency using scanning electron microscopy. JOCCA 11 (1987), 337-341. 

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