Scabbing

A particularly insidious failure mechanism that is commonly found in carbon-steel tubing is under-deposit corrosion. In many cases, corrosion products fomi a scab that can mask the presence of the pitting, making it difficult to quantitatively assess using conventional NDT methods. However, by combining proper cleaning procedures with laser-based inspection methods, the internal surface of the tubing can be accurately characterized and the presence of under-deposit corrosion can be confirmed and quantified. 

D. W. Pfeifer and M. J. Scab, Concrete Sealersfor Protection of Bridge National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 244,... 

Other materials based on EDA have also been suggested as fungicides. The most important of the imida2oline type (162) is 2-heptadecyl-2-imida2oline (163), prepared from EDA and stearic acid [57-11-4]. It is used as the acetate salt for control of apple scab and cherry leaf spot. A 2 1 EDA—copper sulfate complex has been suggested for control of aquatic fungi (164). 

Apfelsilure, Apfelsaure, /. malic acid. Apfel-schorf, m. apple scab. sine, /. (aweet) orange. 

Grind, m. scab, scurf, crust mange, grindig, a. scabby, scurfy, scaly. 

Kruste,/. crust, incrustation scab, scale, krusten-artig, a. crust-like, crusty, -bildend, a. 

Raude, / mange scab, scurf, raudig, a. scabbed, scabby, mangy. 

Schabe, /. scraper grater scab, itch cockroach moth. 

SchMbe, /. awn, chaff (of fiax or hemp) scab, itch. 

Apart from caustic cracking, the main forms of corrosion in low-pressure plant are oxygen pitting and scab formation. The residence of oxygen at sensitive locations on-load, possibly following off-load initiation, means that... 

Grape anthracnose and citrus scab caused by the genus Elsinoe are eradicated even after disease development by foliar application... 

Mepanipyrim is a nonsystemic fungicide to control gray mould on vines, tomatoes, etc., and scabs on pome fruits. 

The agent of choice for scabies is permerthrin 5% (Elimite) cream. Alternative agents in subjects who cannot use permethrin are crotamiton 10% (Eurax) and oral ivermectin (Stromectal) 200 mcg/kg as a single dose. To initiate the treatment with permerthrin, the skin should be scrubbed in a warm soapy bath to remove the scabs. The permerthrin lotion should then be applied to the whole body, avoiding the face, mucous membranes, and eyes, and left on for 8 to 14 hours. A single application eradicates 97% of scabies. All close contacts should be treated appropriately. The pruritus associated with scabies may persist for 2 to 4 weeks because of the remnants of mite parts in the skin. 

The Soil Association prohibits the use of organo-phosphate dips against fly strike and scab, mainly because of the undoubted health risk to shepherds. However, there are dips that can be used which are effective and which do not contain organo-phosphates. Flumethrin-based compounds can be used against sheep scab. 

Scabbing Debris or fragments generated from the back face of an impacted object (typically a concrete or masonry wall). 

Minor Significant cosmetic damage to structure. Building repair is possible. Possible minor personnel injury due to glass breakage, scabbing, etc. >0.5 00.03)... 

Organophosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluids. No studies regarding dermal effects in humans after inhalation or oral exposure were located. Erythema was observed in humans repeatedly exposed to dermal patches of Skydrol 500B-4 for an intermediate duration (Monsanto 1980). Skin scabbing was seen after oral exposure to Sanitizer 154 at 300 mg/kg (IRDC 1981). 

A recent alternative to shaped charges is known as the squashhead projectile. As the name implies, this contains a plastic explosive which spreads on impact so as to make contact with the largest possible area of the tank before detonating. When the explosive detonates, reflection of the shock wave causes a scab of metal to be displaced from the inside surface of the armour plate (see p. 135). The effect inside the tank can therefore be greater than is the case with a shaped charge which may do little more than penetrate the armour. The amount of scabbing is approximately proportional to the area of contact of the explosive at the moment of detonation. 

Spalling. In explosives technology implies the breaking off of a scab of material from a free face as a result of the reflection of shock waves (see p. 135). 

Leser, C. and Treutter, D. (2005). Effects of nitrogen supply on growth, contents of phenolic compounds and pathogen (scab) resistance of apple trees , Physiologia Plantarum, 123, 49-56. 

Apples Scab Venturia inaequalis Bordeaux mixture... 

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