Correction radiative

Relativistic corrections. Radiative corrections. Asymptotic expansion in terms of a... 

For a simplified case, one can obtain the rate of CL emission, =ft GI /e, where /is a function containing correction parameters of the CL detection system and that takes into account the fact that not all photons generated in the material are emitted due to optical absorption and internal reflection losses q is the radiative recombination efficiency (or internal quantum efficiency) /(, is the electron-beam current and is the electronic charge. This equation indicates that the rate of CL emission is proportional to q, and from the definition of the latter we conclude that in the observed CL intensity one cannot distii pish between radiative and nonradiative processes in a quantitative manner. One should also note that q depends on various factors, such as temperature, the presence of defects, and the... 

Radiative Corrections Negaton in an External Field.— The content of the previous sections of this chapter can be summarized by saying that the essential properties of the vacuum- and one-particle states in the absence of external perturbations are that they are steady ... 

Flambaum, V.V. and Ginges, J.S.M. (2005) Radiative potential and calculations of QED radiative corrections to energy levels and electromagnetic amplitudes in many-electron atoms. Physical Review A, 72, 052115-1-052115-13. 

The manner in which radicals attack furans has been studied deeply and earlier misconceptions have been corrected, especially the idea that anodic oxidation in methanol involves methoxy radicals.248 Furan cation radi-... 

Figure 5. Rate-energy curves for benzene ion dissociation. Circles are TRPD points (corrected for IR-radiative relaxation) from Ref. 24 squares are REMPI points from Ref. 10. The two points with ( ) symbols are TRPD points uncorrected for radiative relaxation. The curves are from variational RRKM, with Eq = 3.88 eV, and simple RRKM, with Eo = 3.81 eV.

Two additional corrections should be mentioned here. First one is the relativistic correction which is of order of a where a is the fine stmcture constant and the other is the radiative correction which can be derived from quantum electrodynamics. (Bethe and Salpeter, 1957 Kolos, 1993)... 

Table 3 presents the comparison between theoretical value and the experimental data (Gilligan and Eyler, 1992, Jungen et. al., 1992). The agreement is fairly good, although not ideal. This is not surprising. The theoretical values are obviously not final. The relativistic and radiative corrections for the neutral molecule were calculated with considerably less accurate wave functions than the nonrela-... 

The steady-state luminescence of Pr + in minerals was found only in scheel-ite, where the hne near 480 nm has been ascribed to this center (Gorobets and Kudrina 1976) and possibly in fluorite (Krasilschikova et al. 1986). The luminescence of Pr in minerals is difficult to detect because its radiative transitions are hidden by the stronger lines of Sm in the orange range of 600-650 nm, Dy " " in the blue range of 470-490 nm and Nd in the near IR (870-900 nm). In order to extract the hidden Pr lines time-resolved luminescence was applied. The fact was used that Pr " usually has a relatively short decay time compared to its competitors Dy ", Sm " and Nd, especially from the Po level. In order to correct identification of Pr " lines in minerals several of them were synthesized and artificially activated by Pr (Fig. 5.5). Besides, comparison has been made with CL spectra of synthetic minerals artificially activated by Pr (Blank et al. 2000). 

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