SANITARY APPLICATION

Industrial antimicrobial agents are chemicals used to prevent the adverse consequences of microbiological activity in processes and products. Some are unique to this segment and others are drawn from the antimicrobial agents used in medicine, agriculture, and sanitary applications. Industrial antimicrobials are selected where process or stricdy physical conditions, such as irradiation or heat, are impractical or ineffective in controlling microbiological activity. 

The quats are an extremely important group in medical and sanitary applications, with comparatively limited industrial applications. Activity against bacteria of public health importance is absolutely required, with a lesser demand being made for antifungal activity. 

Figure 3.45 By perforating the antitelescoping device, a small controlled bypass of fluid past the module seal is achieved to eliminate the stagnant area between the reverse osmosis module and the pressure vessel walls. This device is used in food and other sanitary applications of spiral-wound modules [115], Reprinted from Reverse Osmosis Technology, B.S. Parekh (ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York (1988), p. 359, by courtesy of Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Pressure vessels are usually constructed of fiberglass or stainless steel. Fiberglass is typically used for industrial, non-sanitary applications. Stainless steel vessels are preferred for sanitary applications, where high-temperature (up to 85°C) cleaning performance may be required. 

The low pressure piping on an RO skid is typically schedule 80 PVC. This includes the feed, low-pressure concentrate, and product piping. High pressure piping is typically schedule 10,316L stainless steel (suitable for waters with concentrate streams below 7,000 ppm TDS). Sanitary applications (such as food, pharmaceutical, or biotechnical processing—See Chapter 4.4.2.6) are generally all stainless to allow for disinfection of the system. 

In acetoxy systems acetic acid is produced during cure. This type of system is not ideal for use on alkaline surfaces. However, it has excellent adhesion to glass and glazed ceramics, making it ideal for use in all types of glazing and sanitary applications. Acetic system types should not be used on sensitive surfaces (e.g. concrete, zinc, lead, copper, brass, iron and some coated glasses). 

Flexural rigidity and absorption properties of the cotton/(Eastar/PP) nonwovens were also studied. Results show that the nonwovens have good flexural rigidity and absorbency, which indicate that the nonwoven materials may be used for medical and sanitary applications. However, one has to remember that PP component in the bicomponent fiber is not biodegradable this puts this fabric in the category of many other cotton/binder nonwovens that may have PP or PET as binder fibers. The results obtained from these... 

Anyone who has examined the chapters leading up to this one, even in the most cursory fashion, must be well aware of the role of extractives in utilizing wood. Intensity and uniformity of color affect the selection and value of fine veneers for furniture manufacture. Absence of extractives permits the invasion of microorganisms that promote sap-stain or actual wood destruction. On a positive note, absence of extractives permits pulpability by the sulfite process. Extractives harm bleached wood pulp absorptivity when used in sanitary applications such as disposable diapers. Traces of extractives in pulpmill effluents threaten the life of important marine organisms. Extractives impede pressurized wood treatment. The list could go on and on. One thing that is particularly evident about all the industrially important aspects of these effects of extractives is that they are accepted by the user simply as a fact of nature and nothing much is done about them other than the simplest sorts of physical or chemical treatment. 

Sanitary applications include dairy, pharmaceutical, and biological processing. Note that pressure vessels are usually stainless steel for these applications. 

Pressure vessels are usually constructed of fiberglass or stainless steel. Fiberglass is typically used for industrial, non-sanitary applications. 

Stainless steel vessels are preferred for sanitary applications, where high-temperature (up to 85°C) cleaning performance may be required. 

Aluminium/plastic composite pipes for heating and sanitary applications are manufactured in five layers two layers of silane-crosslinked HOPE with an aluminium core and two adhesive layers. The aluminium layer provides an oxygen barrier. 

Spirally wound membrane modules can generally meet most process application requirements. They are particularly suitable for sanitary applications in the pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, dairy, food and beverage industries. They are also widely used in the industrial sector for environmental protection, metal coating, chemical and paint apphcations. 

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