Sands massive

C1 73.7-99.1 cm very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very gravely loamy sand, massive... 

Two-thirds of the known ilmenite reserves that could be economically worked are in China, Norway (both massive deposits), and the former Soviet Union (sands and massive deposits). On the basis of current production capacities, these countries could cover all requirements for ca. 150 years. However, the countries with the largest outputs are Australia (sands), Canada (massive ore), and the Republic of South Africa (sands). Other producers are the United States (sands, Florida), India (sands, Quilon) the former Soviet Union (sands, massive ore), Sri Lanka (sands), and Brazil (rutilo e ilmenita do Brasil). In 1994 the production of ilmenite was about 1.2 x 106 t of contained TiOz. 

Schlottnan, B.U., Miller, U.K., II and Lueders, R.K. "Massive Hydraulic Fracture Design for the East Texas Cotton Valley Sands," SPE paper 10133, 1981 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition of AIME, San Antonio, October 5-7. 

Because of the massive "unconventional" reserves of liquid hydrocarbons afforded by oil sand bitumens and heavy oils, Canadian interests in coal conversion are generally more likely to centre on gasification than on liquefaction, and to focus on long-term supply of fuel gas (which could in many cases be substituted for oil where coal can not, and thereby reduce projected oil supply shortfalls). 

Ilmenite and Leucoxene. Ilmenite is found worldwide in primary massive ore deposits or as secondary alluvial deposits (sands) that contain heavy minerals. In the massive ores, the ilmenite is frequently associated with intermediary intrusions (Tell-nes in Norway and Lake Allard in Canada). The concentrates obtained from these massive ores often have high iron contents in the form of segregated hematite or magnetite in the ilmenite. These reduce the TiOz content of the concentrates (see Table 13). Direct use of these ilmenites has decreased owing to their high iron... 

The concentrates obtained from ilmenite sand, being depleted in iron, are generally richer in TiOz than those from the massive deposits. Other elements in these concentrates include magnesium, manganese, and vanadium (present in the ilmenite) and aluminum, calcium, chromium, and silicon which originate from mineral intrusions. 

For the most part, sediments are also stratigraphically uniform, showing only a few percentage variation in lithologic composition. Cores from Mountain Lake, which consistently show up-core decreases in carbonate content (to about 60% that at depth), are the only exception. A number of shallow-water cores that contain a thin veneer of organic-rich sediments overlying silt and sand were also excluded from analysis. In most locations the spatial boundary between organic-rich profundal-type sediments and littoral deposits of coarse detritus or massive silt was clearly defined. 

QUARTZITE. A hard, tough, and compact metamorphic rock composed almost wholly of quartz sand grains that have been reciystallized to form a particularly massive siliceous rock. The term is also used for non-metamorphosed quartzose sandstones and grits whose clastic grains have been firmly cemented by silica lhat has grown in optical continuity around each grain. 

Rich, localized hydrate deposits Related to mounds, vents, pockmarks CH4/H2O from kilometers below seafloor High-permeability conduits Frequently are deposited in sands Forming flow rapid convective and diffusive Form within tens of meters of mud line Represent a small amount of hydrates Not normally predicted by models Can be massive gas hydrates... 

The chemical composition of bricks varies massively due to the different sorts of mar and loam used as initial material. The content of clay (included in this are 20 to 60% Kaolinite, consisting roughly of 47% Si02, 40% A1203, 13% H20) may lie between 20 and 70%, the rest being carbonate, finest sand and iron oxides.390 According to my own analyses, the latter content may vary between 2 and 4%. 

The S/C atomic ratios of kerogens of modem and buried microbial mats covers a large range of values. The lowest S/C values were found for the modem microbial mat with thick carbonate-sand layers collected near the lagoon. Landward, as the carbonate layers get thinner and more muddy, the S/C values increase progressively, until they reach the maximum value which is found in the modem samples, in the massive mat with lumps filled with H2S. This could be explained, if we consider the aptitude of this thick mineral layers to allow water circulation, and so a better oxygenation of the system. On the contrary the massive mat with the much thinner mineral layers seems to form a much closer system as suggested by the occurrence of lumps filled with H2S. 

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