Sampling Along Transects

Sampling at wells and springs lying along a selected transect facilitates data processing and presentation. An example from a recent study in the Judean Mountains is given in Fig. 11.17. 

Planning a hydrochemical study should include the question of whether the transect approach is desired. If so, the locations of the transect should be decided. Such a decision should take into account 

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Fig. 1. The Honerat kimberlite and the Unknown Site are located in western Quebec, Canada. The labeled points represent sample collection sites along transects at Honerat and Unknown.

LA-ICP-MS was used to determine the compositional variation in the nodules along transects from the central rock nucleus toward the outside edge. Analytical transects were conducted across nodules from LG1 and LG2 (Fig. 4). On each sample, one transect followed the shortest axis (from the nucleus to the top of the nodule) and a second followed the longest axis (from the nucleus to the... 

We thank John Horton, Jim Kilburn, Robert Garrett, Rodney Klassen, Jean Morrison, and Harley King for field assistance during sampling along the transects. We thank the many people who participated in the USGS workshops where the sample design protocols and analytical framework for the transects were developed. We also thank the many landowners who provided access to sites. 

An empirical, but often practical way of sampling has been presented by EXNER et al. [1985]. They divided an area into suitable clean-up units of practical size to solve a problem of hazardous waste. Inside these strips, samples were taken along transects and some composite samples were formed from different combinations of the individual samples. After homogenization of the composite samples randomly selected aliquots of soil were taken and analyzed. The estimated arithmetic mean and its standard deviation enabled computation of an upper confidence limit for the mean concentration of the clean-up units. 

Develop a sampling strategy—sampling for a contour map or sampling along a transect. 

Data obtained through periodic sampling along a small transect (-13 km, Fig lb) off the Candolim... 

Soil contents are estimated from composite samples along three transects in each land use, C, N, and P are totals, K, Ca, and Mg are Mehlich III exchangeable (Markewitz and Davidson, unpublished data, 1997). 

Figure 12. Mean spatial gradients fv) of the various water properties sampled along inshore segments. The letters correspond to the cross-shelf transects in Figure 5b.

Vertical survey. Analysis of data from the vertical surveys shows that the depth effect was not significant, and was eliminated from the sampling programme for the estimation of the spatial and temporal variability. The variations in the physico-chemical parameters, measured with the multiparameter probe, with depth are presented (for positions 1-1, 1-3 and 1-5 along transect I) in Figure 4.5.8 for illustrative purposes. In... 

Fig. 4 Dried filters showing particulates collected from snow samples taken along transects through the industrial towns of Vorkuta (a) and Usinsk (b). Adapted from Walker (2005)...

Fig. 5 Plot showing the concentration of suspended solids in filtered snow-melt samples taken along transects through Inta (filled circle), Vorkuta (filled inverted triangle) and Usinsk (open circle), during spring 1998 and 1999. Plotted values are means SE (n = 3). Adapted from Walker et al. (2003a)...

Sampling sites showing distance along transects (km)... 

A total of 66.5 m plots were sampled along 24 transects. This sampling effort was adequate, because starlings usually fly less than 50 m to choose material for their nests (Kessel, 1959 Bent, 1965). 

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