Salmine sulfate

Protamine Sulfate/Salmine Sulfate Low Induced High Flexible Linear Backbone Strong... 

Protamine (Salmine sulfate) (PS) (General Biochemicals, Chagrin Falls, Ohio) in concentration of 2 mg/ml VS 0.4 ml was added per experiment. 

Salmine Sulfate. A protamine found in the sperm of salmon. Contains arginine, proline, serine, glycine, valine, leucine, alanine, threonine, isoleucine, lysine, histidine, aspartic and glutamic acids. Mol wt 6000 to 7000. N about 25%. Prepn and properties Fisher, Scott, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 58, 78 (1936) Felix. Am. Sci. 43, 431 (1955) Callanan et al., J. Biol Chem 229, 279 (1957) Carroll er al, ibid. 234, 2314 (1959). Separation of components and amino add sequence of major component Ando, Watanabe, Ini. J, Protein Res. 1, 221 (1969). 

Protamide LMFAB. See Lauramide DEA Protamide LNO. See Linoleamide DEA Protamide MEAA. See Acetamide MEA Protamide MRCA. See Myristamide DEA Protamide SA. See Stearamide DEA Protamide X-45-B. SeeCocamide DEA Protamine sulfate CAS 9009-65-8 53597-25-4 Synonyms Salmine sulfate Definition Mixt. of simple proteins obtained from the sperm or testes of certain species of fish has property of neutralizing heparin Toxicoiogy LD50 (IP, rat) 120 mg/kg, (IV, rat) 75 mg/kg, (subcut., mouse) 200 mg/kg poison by IP, IV, subcut. routes human systemic effects (anaphylaxis, blood pressure decrease, decreased urine vol.) TSCA listed Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx Uses Pharmaceuticals (parenterals, injectables)... 

Kamal, M. and Motohiro, T. (1986) Effect of pH and metal ions on the fungicidal action of salmine sulfate. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish SI, 1843-1846. 

Fig. VII-8. Column chromatographic fractionation on preparative scale of protamines into all or some of their components using CM-Sephadex C-25 or Bio-Gel CM-2. A. Protamine ca. 25 mg of whole clupeine sulfate (from Clupea pallasii) in a small amount of water. Column 0.9 X 130 cm of Bio-Gel CM-2 (high capacity). Elution 0.05 M acetate buffer, pH 5.8, containing 1.5 M NaCl at room temperature at a flow rate of 2.4 ml/h. B. Protamine ca. 50 mg of whole salmine sulfate (from Oncorhynchus ketd) in a small amount of water. Column 0.9 X 150 cm of Bio-Gel CM-2 (high cap.). Elution 0.05 M acetate buffer, pH 5.8, containing 1.0 M and 1.5 M NaCl at room temperature at a flow rate of 10 ml/h. C Protamine ca. 600 mg of whole iridine sulfate (from Salmo irideus) in as small as possible amount of the eluting buffer containing 0.5 M NaCl. Column 3.0 x 146 cm of CM-Sephadex C-25. Elution 0.05 M acetate buffer, pH 5.8, containing 1.5 M NaCl at room temperature at a flow rate of 85 ml/b (Reproduced from Ando, T., and Watanabe, S., 1969)...

Salmine base is a powder so) in disodium phosphate buffer the sulfate separates from water in the cold as a clear, immiscible liquid. LDM i.v. in rats 75 mg/kg, Starbuck et af.. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 165, 374 (1967). See also Protamines-... 

Fish sperm contain nucleoprotamines. Upon treatment with sulfuric acid, the nucleoprotamines are reduced to nucleic acid and protamine sulfate. The chemically heterogeneous protamines of molar mass 2000-8000 thus obtained contain only a few different kinds of amino acid residues per molecule. They are relatively rich in basic amino acids, as the composition of the protamines clupeine and salmine shows (Table 29-6), and never contain cystine, aspartic acid, or tryptophan. The basic amino acids are responsible for the bonding of the protein to the nucleic acid component. 

Sperm heads are treated with dilute mineral acid (hydrochloric or sulfuric) (Kossel, 1929). By adding a solution of anion such as picrate to the acid extract, protamine is precipitated as an insoluble salt, which is further converted into sulfate or hydrochloride. In the original method of preparation of a protamine from testes of Rhine salmon, Miescher (1897) used 1—2 % hydrochloric acid for the extraction and platinum chloride for the precipitation of protamine. Kossel (1929) used 1 % sulfuric acid while Stedman and Stedman (1951) used 0.1—0.5 N sulfuric acid in their complete extraction procedure . Block et al. (1949) isolated the sulfate salt of clupeine and salmine on a larger scale, using 0.2 N hydrochloric acid and metaphosphate, respectively, as the extracting and precipitating reagents. 

The countercurrent distribution technique showed protamines, including clupeine, salmine, iridine and mugiline to be inhomogeneous [Rauen et al.y 1953 Felix ef al, 1957 Rasmussen, 1963 Ando et aL, 1957 (1, 3) Scanes and Tozer, 1956 Ando and Sawada, 1961 Morisawa, 1957 Ikoma, 1954 (2)]. In this case, protamine esters, i.e, the methyl ester hydrochloride of clupeine (Rauen et aL, 1953) and of mugiline (Morisawa, 1957), were separated into three and two fractions, respectively, while unesterified protamine sulfates were hardly fractionated by the technique, though patterns of a heterogeneous nature were obtained. 

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