Safety practices INDEX

Al-Haji G (2007). Road Safety Etevelopment Index (RSDI). Theory, Philosophy and Practice. Linkoping University, Institute of Technology, Norrkoping,... 

Elame-spread and smoke-density values, and the less often reported fuel-contributed semiquantitive results of the ASTM E84 test and the limited oxygen index (LOI) laboratory test, are more often used to compare fire performance of ceUular plastics. AH building codes requite that ceUular plastics be protected by inner or outer sheathings or be housed in systems aH with a specified minimum total fire resistance. Absolute incombustibHity cannot be attained in practice and often is not requited. The system approach to protecting the more combustible materials affords adequate safety in the buildings by aHowing the occupant sufficient time to evacuate before combustion of the protected ceUular plastic. 

Like VDA 6.1, AVSQ 94 does not include the requirements of ISO 9001. In this way issues of copyright are overcome, a practice shared by VDA and EAQF but not QS-9000. However, unlike VDA 6.1, AVSQ 94 follows the 20 elements of ISO 9001 with two additional elements, covering financial considerations and product safety. Those questions that go beyond ISO 9001 are marked and as every question is numbered it simplifies the evaluation process. A scoring method is employed to classify organizations in terms of a conformity index. Each question is awarded a point (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, or 10), where 10 points means full compliance, 7.5 points means minor inadequacies, 5 points means inadequacies in application requiring improvement, 2.5 points means serious inadequacies in application, and 0 points is used for criteria not applied. Unfortunately all questions carry the same weight as no account of the impact of omission on product quality or customer satisfaction is included. 

The first step in the procedure is to conceptually divide the process into separate process units. A process unit is a single pump, a reactor, or a storage tank. A large process results in hundreds of individual units. It is not practical to apply the fire and explosion index to all these units. The usual approach is to select only the units that experience shows to have the highest likelihood of a hazard. A process safety checklist or hazards survey is frequently used to select the most hazardous units for further analysis. 

The comparison of the safety of equipment is not straightforward. It depends on several features of both process and equipment themselves. It can be evaluated from quantitative accident and failure data and from engineering practice and recommendations. Experience has been used for layout recommendations and for the development of safety analysis methods such as the Dow E F Index (Dow, 1987). Statistics contain details, causes and rates of failures of equipment and data on equipment involved in large losses. 

Dow s Fire and Explosion Index, Hazard Classification Guide, 7th ed., A Chemical Engineering Progress Technical Manual, AIChE, New York, 1994. This booklet provides excellent practical classification in 74 pages. This popular process safety manual, with a listed price of 45, is designed to help the user quantify the expected damage of potential fire and explosion incidents in realistic terms. 

Dr. Frank P. Lees, Loss Prevention in the Process Industries Hazard Identification, Assessment and Control, 2d ed., ISBN 0-8169-1547-8. This is a three-volume set published by Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. U.K., 1996. Dr. Frank Lees s epic three-volume masterpiece is without a doubt the premier source of practical and statistical pnKess safety reference material. Within the. 1,962 pages of valuable facts, nearly every aspect of process safety is covered. Should you wish additional description of the b(K)k. try Butterworth-Heinemann s web site at www.butterworth.heinemann.co.uk/register/ us/index.htm. Since this is a British text, there is little specific information on compliance with the OSHA Process Safety Management standard. A large index makes it easy to find specific subject material. List price 599, and worth every penny. I have seen discounted prices. 

Through evaluation of safety culture level and measurements of atmosphere, it can make the enterprise know the situation of safety culture of enterprise development, understand the weak part of safety culture construction work, determine the direction and goal of safety culture improvement. The key of evaluation and measurement is to construct the index system and select method. In construction of evaluation model, mature evaluation model should be referenced, and successful foreign experiences and practices should be learned from and modification and innovation should be made, in order to adapt to the situation in the construction of safety culture in coal mine in China, and to achieve the scientific, rational and efficient purpose. 

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