Safety practices elements

The American Petroleum Institute s Recommended Practice 750 describes process safety management elements recommended for operations in the oil and gas industry. 

DesMarteau, D. D. et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 7194-7196 Fluorine is the most electronegative and reactive element known, reacting, often violently, with most of the other elements and their compounds (note the large MRH values quoted below). Handling hazards and disposal of fluorine on a laboratory scale are adequately described [1,2,3,4,5][6], and a more general review is also available [7], Safety practices associated with the use of laboratory- and industrial-scale fluorine cells and facilities have been reviewed [8], Equipment and procedures for the laboratory use of fluorine and volatile fluorides have been... 

In practice, therefore, the distinction between these first two types of statutory safety/risk standards has not only been blurred, but probably obliterated. Both focus on the safety/risk element of the issue. Both also consider the benefit/cost element, largely sub silentio, in a broad brush and common sense way. If regulatory action is simply absurd, and will make the agency look foolish, it will be cUoan-doned. But close analysis of costs and benefits has had no significant impact upon any of these regulatory decisions. 

Since the standard was promulgated in 1992, best process safety practices have continued to evolve. OSHA refers to the 20 elements defined by the CCPS. Examples of additional elements include ... 

In this third and important element, competent investigation of hazards-related incidents is vital. Effective safety practice requires that actual causal factors—the hazards and events that contributed to the incident process — be identified, evaluated, and eliminated or controlled. 

F. Redmill et al. (eds.), Practical Elements of Safety Springer-Verlag London Limited 2004... 

Practical elements of ety proceedings ofthe twelfth Safety-Critical Systems Symposium, Birmin am, UK, 17-19 February 2004 / Felix Redmill amd Tom Anderson (eds.). p. cm. 

Sustainable plastic bottles can be made with biobased or recycled plastics, produced without regulated heavy metals or toxins, and made with clean manufacturing principles, and fair employment and safety practices. LCA can be used to provide a sustainable plastic bottle. The LCA process can include key elements of LCA, which features consistent functional units, energy, GHGs, waste, and pollution that include eutrophication, acidification, toxic chemical release, and end-of-life. 

Experience has shown that there are between 60 and 80 critical safety arenas (elements) that must be controlled constantly to constitute an effective safety program. Many are dictated by local and national safety laws and legislation and are compulsory anyway. These legal requirements should be viewed as the minimum standard and management should extend the safety program to best practice rather than only complying to the minimum legal requirements. 

The 2007 edition reflects the most recent experiences of the industry, and its current and best practice, and is more user-friendly in order to encourage its wider use. The Guidelines are intended to provide good practice in the identiflcation, verification, and management of Safety Critical Elements, and will assist in compliance with the Safety Case Regulation and the Design and Construction Regulations for the UK offshore oil and gas industry. 

Figure 1.4. Overview of road safety management good practice elements in Belgium, 2010...

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